Zuo WQ, Hu YJ, Yang Y, Zhao XY, Zhang YY, Kong W, Kong WJ. · 2015
Researchers used spiral ganglion neurons from neonatal Sprague Dawley rats to investigate whether inflammation might increase sensitivity to damage from mobile phone electromagnetic radiation. Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation alone could not directly induce DNA damage in normal spiral ganglion neurons. The study suggests that sensitivity of spiral ganglion neurons to damage caused by mobile phone electromagnetic radiation may increase in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model.
Wang X et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Neuro-2a cells to 900 MHz GSM signals at specific absorption rates of 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 W/kg for 24 hours, with or without silencing of the DNA repair enzyme OGG1. Without OGG1 silencing, 2 W/kg RF-EMFs induced oxidative DNA base damage, and with OGG1 silencing, damage was observed at exposures as low as 1 W/kg. Increases in oxidative DNA base damage were accompanied by similar increases in reactive oxygen species, but neither DNA strand breakage nor altered cell viability was observed.
Marjanovic AM, Pavicic I, Trosic I, · 2015
Researchers evaluated the influence of a modulated radiofrequency field of 1800 MHz, strength of 30 V/m on oxidation-reduction processes within the cell. V79 cell line samples were irradiated for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, with a specific absorption rate calculated to be 1.6 W/kg. ROS levels significantly increased after 10 minutes of exposure, then decreased after 30 minutes, which researchers associated with antioxidant defence mechanism activation. Metabolic activity and total protein content in exposed cells did not differ significantly from control samples.
Duan W et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed a mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cell line intermittently to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at intensities of 1, 2, or 3 mT, or to 1800 MHz RF-EMF in GSM-Talk mode at SAR values of 1, 2, or 4 W/kg. After 24 hours of exposure, neither ELF-EMF nor RF-EMF affected cell viability. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased DNA strand breaks at 3 mT, while RF-EMF exposure significantly induced oxidative DNA base damage at a SAR of 4 W/kg. The researchers suggest that both field types may produce genotoxicity at relatively high intensities but through different patterns of DNA damage.
Cao H, Qin F, Liu X, Wang J, Cao Y, Tong J, Zhao H · 2015
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields at different times of day to study whether circadian rhythms of plasma antioxidants were affected. Six groups of animals were exposed at a power density of 201.7 μW/cm2 and a specific absorption rate of 0.05653 W/kg for 2 hours per day for 32 consecutive days, each at a different time of day, while a seventh group served as sham-exposed controls. The circadian rhythms of melatonin, GSH-Px, and SOD were shifted in exposed rats, with levels significantly decreased when exposure was given at 23 and 3 h GMT. The researchers concluded that there may be adverse effects of radiofrequency exposure on antioxidant function, affecting both daily antioxidant levels and circadian rhythmicity.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Karun KM, Nayak SB, Bhat PG · 2015
Lustenberger et al. · 2015
The study investigated how much variation exists between individuals and within the same individual in response to pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during sleep. The EEG analysis showed exposure-related increases in the delta-theta frequency range at several fronto-central electrodes, but no differences in the spindle frequency range. Reproducible within-subject effects on sleep spindle and delta-theta activity were not observed, and it remained unclear whether a biological trait of how subjects' brains react to RF EMF exists.
Lee D, Lee J, Lee I. · 2015
Researchers tracked the movement of 10 pairs of guppies and 15 pairs of zebrafish in a fish tank under a cell phone-generated RF EMF. Fish locomotion was observed under normal conditions, in the visual presence of a cell phone, after feeding, and under starvation. Fish locomotor behavior was random both in normal conditions and in the presence of an off-signaled cell phone, but there were significant changes in locomotion after feeding under the RF EMF. The researchers also demonstrated that temperature elevation caused by the cell phone was not relevant to the observed effects.
Ghosn R et al. · 2015
Researchers recorded resting EEG in 26 healthy young subjects under sham and real RF exposure conditions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Compared with the sham session, the exposure session showed a statistically significant decrease of alpha band spectral power during the closed-eyes condition. This effect persisted in the postexposure session, and no significant changes were detected in electrode impedance, salivary cortisol, or caffeine between conditions.
Adams et al · 2014
Researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using random effects models to determine whether radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones affects human sperm quality. The meta-analysis included ten studies with 1492 samples from fertility clinics and research centres. Sperm quality outcomes measured were motility, viability, and concentration. Exposure to mobile phones was associated with reduced sperm motility (mean difference -8.1%, 95% CI -13.1 to -3.2) and viability (mean difference -9.1%, 95% CI -18.4 to 0.2), while effects on concentration were equivocal. Results were consistent across experimental in vitro and observational in vivo studies.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells to static magnetic fields alone or combined with 5 and 10 MHz RF magnetic fields. Cell numbers decreased by up to 30% on Day 2 with the 10 MHz RF field combined with static field compared to static field alone. Hydrogen peroxide production increased by 55% after 8 hours of exposure to the 10 MHz RF field.
Gherardini L et al · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
The review outlines myelin development through life and examines evidence linking myelin integrity to low-intensity RF-EMF exposure. Across RF-EMF exposed cases the authors note morphological lesions in rat myelin sheaths, increased multiple sclerosis risk in a subgroup, effects on myelin-related proteins, and symptoms in electrohypersensitivity resembling demyelination. Overall evidence from in vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological studies suggests an association between RF-EMF exposure and myelin deterioration or direct neuronal conduction impact that may explain many electrohypersensitivity symptoms. The review notes exceptions: headache is common only in electrohypersensitivity, while ataxia is typical of demyelination but rare in that group.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers analyzed self-reported symptom data from 92 Victorian residents who registered adverse health effects from wireless smart meters on an Australian public website. The most frequently reported symptoms were insomnia, headaches, tinnitus, fatigue, cognitive disturbances, dysesthesias, and dizziness. The effects of these symptoms on people's lives were significant. The majority of cases did not report prior electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome, suggesting smart meters may have unique characteristics that lower symptom development thresholds.
Maskey D et al · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to 835 MHz RF radiation at 4.0 W/kg for three months. They used free-floating immunohistochemistry to assess glycine receptor immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem. The number of glycine receptor immunoreactive cells decreased in several cochlear and superior olivary nuclei. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were significantly elevated in the exposed group.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers investigated whether radiofrequency radiation from a GSM mobile phone could alter the accuracy of home blood glucose monitors. Forty-five female nondiabetic students aged 17 to 20 years old participated in the study. The magnitude of changes between glucose readings was 1.07 ± 0.88 mg/dl in the group tested without electromagnetic fields, compared with 7.53 ± 4.76 mg/dl in the group tested while a GSM phone was ringing (P < 0.001).
Vijayalaxmi, Scarfi MR · 2014
The paper compiled conclusions from national and international expert groups on biological effects of radiofrequency exposures. The expert groups generally suggested a reduction in exposure levels, precautionary approach, and further research. Peer-reviewed data on radiofrequency effects were contradictory, with some studies indicating effects and others not.
Rosado MM et al · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to GSM-modulated 900 MHz RF fields and transplanted bone marrow cells into irradiated syngeneic recipients from exposed, sham-exposed, or cage control donors. Twelve weeks later, thymocyte numbers, subpopulation frequencies, cell proliferation, spleen cell counts, B/T cell percentages, B/T proliferation, and IFN-γ production were all similar across groups. In a competitive transplant into Rag2-deficient mice, marrow from RF-exposed and sham-exposed mice performed equally, though both were less effective than cage-control marrow, an effect the authors linked to restraint stress, and they concluded that GSM-modulated RF exposure did not impair long-term reconstitution of peripheral T and B cell compartments.
Unknown authors · 2014
The article was published in Altern Ther Health Med in 2014. The title proposed that excessive radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure may cause electrohypersensitivity.
Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D · 2014
Adams and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of mobile phone RF-EMW radiation on sperm quality. The analysis pooled 10 human studies involving 1,492 participants. Mobile phone exposure was associated with reduced sperm motility and viability, while effects on sperm concentration were inconsistent. The researchers suggested that carrying a mobile phone in the trouser pocket negatively impacts sperm quality.
Senavirathna MD, Asaeda T, Thilakarathne BL, Kadono H · 2014
Researchers investigated the effect of EMR on the growth dynamics of Myriophyllum aquaticum by measuring nanometric elongation rate fluctuation using a statistical interferometry technique. Plants were exposed to 2 GHz EMR at a maximum of 1.42 Wm(-2) for 1 hour. After continuous exposure, M. aquaticum plants exhibited a statistically significant 51 ± 16% reduction in NERF standard deviation. Temperature observations revealed that EMR exposure did not cause dielectric heating, so the reduced NERF was due to a non-thermal effect. The alteration in NERF continued for at least 2.5 hours after exposure with no significant recovery during the experimental period.
Murbach et al. · 2014
Researchers evaluated three hypotheses about how radiofrequency exposure could affect EEG by using numerical simulations and experimental assessments with phantoms and anatomical human models. They found that induced fields cause less than a 20% increase in 10 g-averaged SAR, that worst-case electrode placement raises skin temperature by at most 0.31 °C and brain temperature by less than 0.1 °C, and that temperature ripples from RF pulses are below 0.001 °C for GSM-like signals and below 0.004 °C for higher pulse energy. These local short-term temperature elevations are unlikely to change brain physiology during the time period from minutes to several hours after exposure. Thus, the mechanism of interaction between RF and changes in the EEG power spectrum remains unknown.
Mattei E, Censi F, Triventi M, Calcagnini G · 2014
The study evaluated electromagnetic interference potential and immunity of ten implantable pacemakers from five manufacturers tested in vitro with Wi-Fi signals. The exposure setup reproduced the IEEE 802.11b/g protocol and amplified the Wi-Fi signal to power levels higher than allowed by international regulation. None of the tested pacemakers showed any performance degradation even when exposed to radiofrequency field levels five times higher than the regulatory limit. The researchers concluded that Wi-Fi devices do not pose EMI risks to implantable pacemakers and that modern pacemaker immunity is much higher than the transmitting power of RF devices operating at 2.4 GHz.
Kim BC, Kim W-K, Lee G-T, Choi H-D, Kim N, Pack J-K. · 2014
The study measured simultaneous human exposure to various radiofrequency signals at 1260 positions across Korea. The measured exposure levels were very low compared to international guidelines and Korean protection notice, with the highest total exposure ratio at 5.1 × 10(-3), approximately 7.1% of guideline limits.
Hauri DD et al. · 2014
Researchers conducted a time-to-event analysis of children under 16 living in Switzerland on December 5, 2000, with follow-up until December 31, 2008. They also included an incidence density cohort of all children living in Switzerland for some time between 1985 and 2008. In the time-to-event analysis of 997 cancer cases, the adjusted hazard ratio for the highest exposure category was 1.03 for all cancers, 0.55 for childhood leukemia, and 1.68 for childhood CNS tumors. The incidence density analysis of 4,246 cancer cases showed similar results for all cancers and leukemia but did not indicate a CNS tumor risk, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.03.
