Sangun O, Dundar B, Darici H, Comlekci S, Doguc DK, Celik S · 2015
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to a 2450 MHz electromagnetic field for one hour per day starting either prenatally or postnatally, with a sham-exposed control group. Prenatal exposure led to significantly lower daily mass gain and significantly later puberty. Brain and ovary total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in the prenatal group compared to the control group. Serum LH levels were increased in both prenatal and postnatal groups, while FSH and E2 did not differ among groups. Histological examinations showed no statistically significant differences between groups.
Saili L et al. · 2015
Researchers studied electrocardiogram and arterial pressure measurements in adult male rabbits during acute one-hour exposure to 2.45 GHz WIFI signals. Acute WIFI exposure increased heart frequency by 22% and arterial blood pressure by 14%. ECG analysis showed a combined increase in PR and QT intervals, while maximum amplitude and P waves were unchanged. Under WIFI exposure, dopamine and epinephrine injections had altered effects on heart variability and blood pressure compared to controls.
Saghiri MA, Orangi J, Asatourian A, Mehriar P, Sheibani N · 2015
Fifty healthy patients with fixed orthodontic appliances gave saliva samples after a week without using their mobile phones. They then recorded their mobile phone usage for a week and gave a second saliva sample. The study found a significant difference in nickel levels between the control and experimental periods. The amount of nickel released correlated with the duration of mobile phone use.
Paffi A, Apollonio F, Pinto R, Liberti M. · 2015
Previous studies identified train compartments as places where people experience the highest radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure levels, still below international guideline limits. The researchers reproduced a possible train compartment scenario and characterized it both numerically and experimentally. Results showed that higher exposure values in specific positions depend on the number of active cell phones, bad coverage condition, cell orientation, and metallic walls. The study shows the scenario-based approach may efficiently support individual electromagnetic exposure assessment. Good agreement was found between simulated electric field distributions and measurements.
Nazıroğlu M, Özkan FF, Hapil SR, Ghazizadeh V, Çiğ B · 2015
Mugunthan N et al. · 2015
Mice were exposed to 2G and 3G radiation for 48 minutes per day over periods of 30 to 180 days. Exposed mice showed significant reductions in body weight at the first, second, and fourth months, and in testis weight and volume during the first three months. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower in exposed mice at the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth months, with no significant difference between the 2G and 3G groups. Histological analysis revealed lower seminiferous tubule density and diameter, fewer Sertoli and Leydig cells, and microscopic changes such as wide interstitium, cell detachment, vacuolar degeneration, reduced epithelial thickness, maturation arrest, and Johnson scores of 7 to 9.
Misa-Agustiño MJ et al. · 2015
Fifty-six rats were individually exposed once or repeatedly for 30 minutes to 2.45 GHz radiation at different non-thermal SARs calculated by finite difference time domain technique. The diathermy model applied maximum exposure to the left front leg to study radiation effects on nearby thyroid tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine HSP-90 expression and morphological changes in thyroid tissue. Ninety minutes after highest SAR exposure, central and peripheral follicles increased in size; twenty-four hours after 12 W exposure, peripheral follicles were smaller; and repeated 3 W exposure increased peripheral follicle size.
Misa-Agustiño MJ et al. · 2015
Mahmoudabadi FS, Ziaei S, Firoozabadi M, Kazemnejad A · 2015
Researchers conducted a case–control study enrolling 292 women with unexplained spontaneous abortion before 14 weeks gestation and 308 pregnant women beyond 14 weeks gestation. They collected data using two forms covering socioeconomic and obstetric characteristics, medical and reproductive history, lifestyles, and cell phone use during pregnancy. Mobile phone exposure was assessed by average daily calling time, phone location when not in use, hands-free use, other applications, manufacturer-reported SAR, and average effective SAR. All mobile phone related data differed between the groups except hands-free device use (p < 0.001).
Li C, Wu T. · 2015
Researchers numerically compared dosimetric results among adult, child, and infant models to evaluate infant exposure to magnetic fields from an electronic article surveillance system operating at 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Postures did not significantly influence dosimetric results when the cross-sectional area under exposure was similar. Infants showed higher SAR values for brain and central nervous system tissues compared with adults, 1.5x at 125 kHz and 112x at 13.56 MHz, though safety limits were unlikely to be exceeded. The infant's specific anatomy, such as a non-proportionally large head and high fat content, did not lead to higher SAR values.
Li C et al. · 2015
The study created a 12-month-old male whole body model and a 17-month-old male head model from magnetic resonance images. The whole body model contained 28 tissues and the head model contained 30 tissues, both at 1 mm spatial resolution. Model validation showed a maximum 18% deviation in tissue mass compared to International Commission on Radiological Protection data. Dosimetric comparison with various adult and child anatomical models was conducted, and significant differences in the physical and anatomical features between adult and child models demonstrated the importance of creating realistic infant models. Current safety guidelines for infant exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields may not be conservative.
Landler L, Painter MS, Youmans PW, Hopkins WA, Phillips JB. · 2015
Researchers investigated spontaneous magnetic alignment in juvenile snapping turtles by exposing them to low-level radio frequency fields at the Larmor frequency. Turtles first placed in the testing arena without RF aligned to magnetic north when later tested without RF, but became disoriented when RF was turned on during testing. Conversely, turtles introduced with RF present were disoriented when tested without RF, yet aligned to magnetic south when tested with RF.
Klaps A, Ponocny I, Winker R, Kundi M, Auersperg F, Barth A. · 2015
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis based on 17 studies. Double-blind studies found no effects on human well-being. Field or unblinded studies clearly showed effects on well-being. The authors concluded that this provides evidence for nocebo effects. They also stated that effects of mobile phone base stations seem unlikely, but nocebo effects occur.
Kiyohara K et al. · 2015
Researchers asked 198 Japanese students aged 10 to 24 to use a software-modified phone for one month to record their actual calls. Ten to twelve months later, participants were interviewed about their call history, and their self-reports were compared to the phone records. The study found moderate agreement for which ear was used (κ=0.449), better agreement for call duration (r=0.620) than for number of calls (r=0.561), and large random errors in recalling both number and duration.
Huang D et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted combined in vivo and in vitro testing to investigate interference from GSM mobile phone EMFs with communication between cardiac rhythm management devices and programmers. In vivo testing showed interference in 33 of 65 subjects (50.8%), with loss of ventricle sensing, and only 4 subjects (0.6%) felt dizzy. In vitro testing showed reproducible interference in 18 of 20 CRMs (90%) at 700-950 MHz, with pacing pulse signal disappearing on the programmer while synchronous signal remained normal.
Hossain MI, Faruque MRI, Islam MT. · 2015
Researchers used computer simulation to study how distance and angle between a human head model and a phone antenna affect specific absorption rate (SAR). Increasing the distance between the head model and antenna decreased SAR values. Increasing the inclination angle did not reduce SAR values in all cases. The study also examined the effect of a metal-glass phone casing on SAR near the head model. Antenna performance was checked by measuring return loss in all cases.
Gramowski-Voß A et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed differentiating murine cortical networks on multiwell microelectrode arrays to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with alternating 10 and 16 Hz modulation on a 150 MHz carrier. The development of cortical activity was accelerated under these exposure conditions. The percentage of neurons in the co-culture increased without changing the total cell count, indicating enhanced neurogenesis. ELEMF exposure selectively promoted the proliferation of GABAergic neurons, increasing their proportion. The exposure also stimulated electrical network activity and intensified burst structure.
Geronikolou SA et al. · 2015
Exelmans L, Van den Bulck J. · 2015
Çiğ B, Nazıroğlu M. · 2015
Researchers exposed MCF-7 breast cancer cells to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation at distances from 0 to 25 cm for one hour. At distances of 0, 1, and 5 cm, exposed cells showed higher reactive oxygen species, calcium concentrations, apoptosis, and caspase activity compared to controls, while cell viability increased with distance. No statistically significant differences were observed between control cells and those exposed at 20 or 25 cm.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2015
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on meningioma diagnosed during 1997-2003 and 2007-2009. In the highest decile of use (>3,358 hours), odds ratios were 1.5 for mobile phones and 2.0 for cordless phones. No association was found for ipsilateral use or anatomical tumor location.
Bogomazova AN et al. · 2015
Researchers studied DNA damage and transcriptome responses in human embryonic stem cells exposed to narrow-band terahertz radiation at 2.3 THz under strict temperature control. The transcription of approximately 1% of genes was subtly increased after irradiation. Functional annotation enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed 15 functional classes, which were mostly related to mitochondria. Terahertz irradiation did not induce the formation of γH2AX foci or structural chromosomal aberrations in the cells. No effect on the mitotic index or morphology of the cells was observed following exposure.
Bedir R et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field during the first 20 days of pregnancy. Kidney tissue from exposed fetuses showed mild congestion, tubular defects, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule. Apoptosis assessed by caspase-3 staining was stronger in exposed renal tubular cells, and serum potassium was significantly higher in the exposed group while urea, creatinine and other electrolytes did not differ.
Bakacak M et al. · 2015
The study used 16 rats, with eight rats exposed to an electromagnetic field in the abdominal region for 15 minutes per day for 15 days and eight rats serving as controls. After 15 days the ovaries were removed and examined histologically, revealing mean follicle counts of 34.00 ± 10.20 (right) and 36.00 ± 10.53 (left) in exposed rats versus 78.50 ± 25.98 (right) and 71.75 ± 29.66 (left) in controls. The exposed group had significantly fewer follicles overall (p < 0.001 for the right ovary, p = 0.011 for the left ovary, and p = 0.002 for the total).
Aydoğan F et al. · 2015
Mucociliary clearance was measured by rhinoscintigraphy and nasal tissue was examined with a transmission electron microscope. The researchers concluded that the radiation damaged the nasal septal mucosa and disturbed mucociliary clearance, with ciliary disorganization and loss causing the deterioration.
