Aerts S, Plets D, Thielens A, Martens L, Joseph W. · 2015
Researchers assessed RF-EMF exposure of a mobile-phone user connected to either an outdoor macrocell or an in-train small cell while traveling on a train. The study used the absorbed-dose concept combining base station downlink exposure with mobile-phone uplink exposure. For GSM at 1800 MHz, connecting to a small cell reduced brain exposure by a factor of 35 and whole-body exposure by a factor of 11.
Gulati S et al. · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate genetic damage from mobile tower radiation and to test for associations with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in 116 exposed and 106 control subjects. DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay for tail moment in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). Exposed subjects showed significantly higher BMN frequency and TM values than controls, while GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were not associated with DNA damage levels in either group.
Gandhi G, Kaur G, Nisar U. · 2015
The study was a cross-sectional case-control study that assessed genetic damage with the comet assay in peripheral blood leukocytes from 63 residents near a mobile phone tower and 28 matched healthy controls. The power density within 300 meters of the base station exceeded permissive limits and was significantly higher than in the control area. DNA migration length, damage frequency, and damage index were all significantly elevated in the exposed group compared to controls. Female residents had significantly higher damage frequency than male residents. Linear regression identified daily mobile phone usage, location of residence, and power density as significant predictors of genetic damage.
Terraneo A et al. · 2015
Thirty-two cocaine-addicted patients were randomly assigned to receive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or pharmacological agents for 29 days, followed by a 63-day follow-up where all were offered stimulation. During Stage 1, the stimulation group had significantly more cocaine-free urine drug tests than the control group (p=0.004). Craving for cocaine was significantly lower in the stimulation group compared to controls (p=0.038). No significant adverse events were noted.
Ross CL, Teli T, Harrison BS. · 2015
Researchers stimulated cAMP in CHO cells transfected with human mu-opioid receptors and exposed them to 5 Hz EMF. The 5 Hz EMF produced 23% greater inhibition of cAMP-treating cells than morphine treatment. When tested at 13 Hz, EMF produced results similar to controls.
Mahdavi SM, Sahraei H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Najafi Abedi A. · 2015
Rats were exposed to 40 Hz ELF-EMF once a day for 21 days and assessed at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after exposure. Body weight significantly increased only at one week after exposure and then decreased. Food and water intake did not change significantly, while anorexia significantly decreased at one and two weeks after irradiation. Plasma glucose significantly increased at one week but not at other time points. Movements, rearing, and sniffing were significantly decreased at day 1 after exposure, with no consistent pattern on other days.
Koeman T et al. · 2015
Researchers analyzed occupational exposures to solvents, pesticides, metals, ELF-MF, electrical shocks, and diesel motor exhaust on non-vascular dementia mortality in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Exposures were assigned using job-exposure matrices and after 17.3 years of follow-up, 682 male and 870 female cases were available. Positive associations were found for metals, chlorinated solvents, and ELF-MF with non-vascular dementia among men, while pesticide exposure showed inverse associations and no associations were found for shocks, aromatic solvents, and diesel motor exhaust.
Brouwer M et al. · 2015
Researchers investigated six occupational exposures and Parkinson's disease mortality in a Dutch cohort of 58,279 men and 62,573 women followed for 17.3 years. A case-cohort design with a random subcohort of 5,000 participants used job-exposure matrices and Cox regression. Among men, high exposure to pesticides and extremely low frequency magnetic fields showed elevated hazard ratios for Parkinson's disease mortality. No association with exposure duration or cumulative exposure trend was observed for any exposure. Results in women were unstable due to few highly exposed women, and no associations were found for solvents, metals, diesel motor emissions, or electric shocks.
Yüksel M, Nazıroğlu M, Özkaya MO. · 2015
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes daily during pregnancy and growth. Uterine lipid peroxidation increased in exposed groups while glutathione peroxidase activity and prolactin levels decreased in developing rats. In maternal rats, plasma prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone decreased while total oxidant status and body temperature increased. No changes occurred in reduced glutathione, total antioxidants, or vitamins A, C, and E in maternal uterine and plasma samples.
Ulubay M et al. · 2015
Researchers studied the effects of prenatal 900 MHz EMF exposure on kidney histology in four-week-old male rats using seven groups including EMF-exposed and supplement-treated groups. EMF exposure significantly increased mean kidney and cortex volume compared to controls. EMF exposure decreased the total number of glomeruli compared to controls. Melatonin and omega-3 supplementation prevented the adverse effects of EMF on the kidneys.
Topal Z et al. · 2015
Adult pregnant rats were divided into control and experimental groups, and the experimental group was exposed to a 900-MHz EMF for 1 h daily during days 13-21 of pregnancy. Male pups from both groups were sacrificed on postnatal day 21. Biochemical analyses showed increased malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase values and decreased glutathione levels in the exposed pups. Light microscopy revealed marked hydropic degeneration in the liver parenchyma, particularly in pericentral regions. Electron microscopy showed mitochondrial vacuolization, endoplasmic reticulum expansion, and necrotic hepatocytes.
Sokolovic D et al. · 2015
Researchers divided adult Wistar rats into four groups: saline control, melatonin only, microwave exposure only, and microwave exposure with melatonin treatment. Melatonin was administered daily at 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and rats were sacrificed after 20, 40, and 60 days. Melatonin treatment prevented increases in malondialdehyde after 20 days and reversed microwave effects on xanthine oxidase after 40 days and acid-DNase activity after 20 days. However, melatonin did not change protein carbonyl content, catalase activity, or alkaline DNase activity.
Shivashankara AR et al. · 2015
The study assessed salivary enzymes, protein, and oxidant-antioxidant markers in young college students who used cell phones. Participants were divided into less mobile users and high mobile users based on duration and frequency of cell phone use. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were analyzed for amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). High mobile users showed significantly higher levels of amylase, LDH, and MDA than less mobile users. Decreases in total protein, GSH, and flow rate were not statistically significant.
Saygin M, Asci H, Ozmen O, Cankara FN, Dincoglu D, Ilhan I. · 2015
Six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including a sham group, an EMR-only group exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation for 3 hours per day for 30 days, an EMR plus gallic acid group, and a gallic acid-only group. EMR exposure increased malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels, decreased total antioxidant status, and raised prostaglandin E2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide staining in testicular tubules. Gallic acid treatment lowered total oxidant status and oxidative stress index and raised total antioxidant status. It also reduced prostaglandin E2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide staining and increased testosterone and VEGF levels relative to the EMR-only group.
Olgar Y et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz EMF for 2 hours per day over 10 weeks and compared them with sham-exposed rats. They measured sarcomere shortening, Ca2+ transients, and L-type Ca2+ currents in isolated ventricular myocytes. Exposure did not alter fractional shortening or Ca2+ transient amplitude, but reduced the isoproterenol-induced L-type Ca2+ current response while basal current density remained similar. Nitric oxide levels in heart tissue were significantly increased after EMF exposure.
Odacı E, Özyılmaz C. · 2015
Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into control, sham, and EMF groups. The EMF group was exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour per day over 30 days. Histopathologically, EMF-exposed rats showed vacuoles in seminiferous tubule basal membranes and edema in intertubular space. Seminiferous tubule diameters and germinal epithelium thickness were smaller, and apoptotic index was higher in the EMF group. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione values decreased significantly in the EMF group compared to controls.
Marconi A et al. · 2015
The study used a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with 18 human volunteers exposed to GSM mobile phone radiation. Researchers measured two categories of oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and exhaled air, including markers of lipid oxidation and antioxidant defense. After 30 minutes of exposure, the overall entropy of the biomarker dataset decreased significantly, indicating a modulation of biomarker organization.
Ma HR, Ma ZH, Wang GY, Song CM, Ma XL, Cao XH, Zhang GH. · 2015
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a radiated group exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation 4 hours per day for 18 consecutive days. Serum levels of ALT and AST did not change significantly in the radiated group compared to the normal group. Liver malondialdehyde content increased and glutathione content decreased in the radiated group. Histopathology revealed diffuse hepatocyte swelling, vacuolation, and focal necrosis. Bax protein expression was higher, bcl-2 protein expression was lower, and hepatocyte apoptosis rates were higher in the radiated group.
Kazemi E et al. · 2015
The study investigated the effect of 900 MHz GSM on oxidative stress and intracellular ROS levels in human mononuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Blood samples from 13 healthy volunteers were exposed to RF radiation from a mobile phone simulator for 2 hours, while control samples were not exposed. Mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and ROS was measured using a CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence probe and flow cytometry. Results showed a significant increase in ROS production in monocyte-rich cell populations after exposure, but no significant change in lymphocyte-rich populations.
Hancı H et al. · 2015
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and EMF groups, and the EMF group received 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day. Male pups were examined on postnatal day 21 for effects on spleen and thymus. In the thymus, malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher and glutathione levels significantly decreased in exposed pups compared to controls. In the spleen, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased while superoxide dismutase values decreased significantly. Transmission electron microscopy revealed pathological changes in cell morphology in both thymus and spleen tissues.
Bin-Meferij MM, El-Kott AF · 2015
Barteri M et al. · 2015
The study examined the effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure on the catalytic activity of lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Experimental evidence indicates that irradiation causes conformational changes of the active sites and influences the formation and stability of intermediate free radicals, as shown by enzyme kinetics, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.
Sun YL et al. · 2015
Researchers used a superconducting magnet that creates three apparent gravity levels to study RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from RAW264.7 cells. The magnetic field had no lethal effect on precursors but reduced nitric oxide release. Diamagnetic levitation increased osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and expression of RANK, Cathepsin K, MMP-9, and NFATc1 while decreasing RunX2, and caused morphological changes such as pseudopodial expansion, pedosome belt formation, and actin ring aggregation. The magnetic field component of the LGHMF attenuated osteoclast resorption activity. The authors conclude that diamagnetic levitation can serve as a ground-based microgravity simulator for bone cell research.
Osera C et al. · 2015
Researchers assessed whether short repeated pulsed EMF could trigger adaptive responses against oxidative insult in a neuronal cell model. A 40-minute overall pre-exposure, given as four 10-minute sessions per week, increased Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase activity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells without affecting major physiological parameters. Pre-exposed cells showed decreased reactive oxygen species production after a 30-minute hydrogen peroxide challenge compared to non-pre-exposed cells. The authors suggest that specific PEMF treatments may have potential biological repercussions in diseases where oxidative stress is implicated.
Schoeni A, Roser K, Röösli M · 2015
Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study with 439 adolescents who completed verbal and figural memory tasks at baseline and after one year. Wireless device use was assessed by questionnaire and operator recorded mobile phone use data for a subgroup of 234 adolescents, and RF-EMF dose measures for the brain and whole body were computed. Higher cumulative call duration and RF-EMF brain and whole-body doses were linked to lower figural memory scores. No exposure-response associations were observed for sending text messages and gaming, and memory change over one year was negatively associated with wireless phone use and more strongly with RF-EMF dose.
