Gok DK et al. · 2016
Researchers divided Wistar albino female rats into four groups: a control group, a prenatal-exposure group, a postnatal-exposure group, and a combined prenatal-plus-postnatal-exposure group. Pregnant rats in the prenatal and combined groups were exposed to a 50 Hz electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day during pregnancy, while postnatal animals were exposed for 68 days after birth. The latencies of visual evoked potential components were significantly prolonged in all exposed groups compared with controls. Retina TBARS levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated in all experimental groups compared with controls.
Gok DK et al. · 2016
Scientists exposed pregnant rats to 50 Hz electric fields from power lines and tested their offspring's brain responses as adults. The exposed rats showed delayed neural processing for vision and touch, plus increased brain damage markers, suggesting developmental electric field exposure causes lasting nervous system changes.
Mahmoudinasab H, Saadat M · 2016
NQO1 mRNA decreased immediately after exposure to the 5 min on/5 min off pattern at 0.25 mT compared to unexposed cells. NQO2 mRNA increased immediately and at two hours after exposure to the same pattern at 0.50 mT compared to unexposed cells.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers investigated the effect of a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on MAP2 and Nestin gene expression in dermal papilla mesenchymal cells. Four experimental groups were prepared: chemical exposure, EMF exposure, combined chemical and EMF exposure, and a control with no treatment, all treated for 5 days. An additional EMF group was exposed for 14 consecutive days to assess the effect of longer exposure on neural differentiation markers Nestin and MAP2. After 14 days, MAP2 expression was higher than after 5 days and cell proliferation decreased from days 5 to 20, indicating that longer exposure promotes neural differentiation.
Akpınar D et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to an electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day, dividing them into control, prenatal, postnatal, and prenatal-plus-postnatal groups. The mismatch negativity amplitude was decreased in all exposed groups compared with the control group. Levels of 4-HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased in the postnatal group compared with the control group, while protein carbonyl levels were significantly decreased in the prenatal-plus-postnatal group compared with the control, prenatal, and postnatal groups.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to 40 Hz electromagnetic fields (similar to power line frequencies) daily for three weeks and tracked changes in basic behaviors like eating, drinking, movement, and blood sugar. The exposed rats showed disrupted weight patterns, reduced appetite, altered glucose levels, and decreased activity on the first day after exposure. These findings suggest that even extremely low-frequency EMF can disrupt normal biological functions in mammals.
Uskalova DV, Igolkina YV, Sarapultseva EI. · 2016
Researchers analyzed morphofunctional disorders in Spirostomum ambiguum protozoa after 30-, 60-, and 360-min exposure to a 1 GHz electromagnetic field at an energy flow density of 50 μW/cm(2) using intravital computer morphometry. Significant disorders in morphometric values correlated with low mobility of the protozoa. The results suggested using intravital computer morphometry on protozoa for early diagnosis of radiation-induced effects of mobile communication electromagnetic fields, for example low mobility of spermatozoa.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Gamez C, Blazy K, Villégier AS. · 2016
Researchers exposed aged (22–24 months) and young (4–6 months) adult male rats to head RF-EMF exposures at 900 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg, for 45 minutes per day for 1 month. Aged rats showed deficits in spatial learning, exploration, anxiety-related behaviors, and increased hippocampal ILs and cortical IL-1β. The senescence-typical neurobiological deficits were not modified by RF-EMF exposures, and the study did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral vulnerability to RF-EMF during senescence. RF-EMF-exposed rats, with young and aged adults pooled, had decreased anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Fischer rats to microwave radiation for 90 days at 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz to investigate effects on cognitive function, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels, and DNA damage in the brain. Cognitive function was tested using the elevated plus maze and Morris water maze, HSP70 levels were measured by ELISA, and DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay. The results suggest that low-level microwave exposure at these frequencies may lead to hazardous effects on the brain.
Hidisoglu E et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to 2100-MHz electromagnetic fields for 2 hours per day for either 1 or 10 weeks, then recorded visual evoked potentials and measured markers of oxidative stress in the brain. After 1 week of exposure, visual response latencies were shortened and several antioxidant markers were increased. After 1 or 10 weeks, the effects on visual response latencies differed: latencies were shortened in the 1-week group but prolonged in the 10-week group. The researchers concluded that the effects of EMF on visual evoked potentials depend on exposure duration.
Sırav B, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers used young adult male and female Wistar albino rats to investigate whether pulse modulated 900 MHz and 1800 MHz radio-frequency radiation affects the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Permeability was measured by quantifying Evans blue dye that passed into the brain after intravenous injection. In both male radio-frequency radiation exposed groups, blood-brain barrier permeability was found to be increased compared with controls, with 1800 MHz found more effective in males. For female rats, 900 MHz exposure was associated with increased permeability, but no statistical difference was found between the 1800 MHz exposed and control groups.
Ansari AM et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male adult NMRI mice to an extremely low frequency magnetic field at 0.5 mT and 50 Hz, either as a single 2-hour session or for 2 hours a day over 2 weeks. Depressive-like behavior was measured using the Forced Swimming Test, which records immobility time. Long-term exposure significantly reduced immobility time, while short-term exposure did not alter it.
Feng B, Ye C, Qiu L, Chen L, Fu Y, Sun W · 2016
Human amniotic FL cells were exposed to a 50-Hz magnetic field for different durations or intensities, then incubated with staurosporine for 4 hours. Magnetic field exposure alone had no significant effect on early apoptosis or cell viability. When cells were also treated with staurosporine, magnetic field exposure had a protective effect against early apoptosis, and this effect could be abolished by MPT inhibitors. The anti-apoptotic effect was completely eliminated when Akt was inhibited, suggesting that Akt activation was necessary for the effect.
Hu Y et al. · 2016
Mahmoudinasab H, Sanie-Jahromi F, Saadat M · 2016
Researchers designed the study to evaluate the effect of EMFs on the mRNA levels of seven antioxidant genes in human MCF-7 cells. Three exposure patterns were tested at two field intensities, 0.25 mT and 0.50 mT, each with a total exposure time of 30 minutes. The MTT assay showed no cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells under any of the three exposure conditions at either field intensity. Under the 15-min-on/15-min-off pattern, the 0.50 mT intensity was associated with more up- or down-regulated genes than 0.25 mT, a statistically significant difference (P=0.041), while no such difference was found for the other two exposure patterns.
Martínez MA, Úbeda A, Moreno J, Trillo MÁ · 2016
Researchers investigated how power frequency magnetic fields affect cell proliferation in NB69 cells and the role of p38 and JNK kinases and reactive oxygen species in that response. NB69 cultures were exposed to a 100 µT magnetic field, either intermittently for 24, 42 or 63 hours, or continuously for periods of 15 to 120 minutes, with or without p38 or JNK inhibitors and an antioxidant. Field exposure induced transient activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2, but only the p38 inhibitor blocked the proliferative effect. The antioxidant NAC blocked the field effects on cell proliferation and p38 activation, but not those on ERK1/2 activation.
Yin C, Luo X, Duan Y, Duan W, Zhang H, He Y, Sun G, Sun X · 2016
Researchers investigated whether lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could protect primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons from extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced neurotoxicity. ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells compared with control. LSPCs evidently protected the hippocampal neurons against ELF-EMF-induced cell damage, and the researchers concluded this occurred through inhibiting oxidative stress and a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Esmekaya MA et al. · 2016
Researchers studied whether cellular phone radiation affects oxidative stress and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Eight-week-old mice were divided into groups: a PTZ-only control group, a group exposed to 15 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment, and a group exposed to 30 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels increased significantly in the radiation-exposed groups compared to the control group, while glutathione levels were significantly lower in those same groups.
Şahin D et al. · 2016
The main finding was increased oxidative DNA damage in the brain after 10 days of exposure, while after 40 days oxidative DNA damage was decreased compared to control groups. A decreased level of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA was also observed after 40 days of exposure.
Ansari AM et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the type emitted by power lines and electrical devices) for either 2 hours once or 2 hours daily for 2 weeks. They found that long-term exposure reduced depression-like behavior in the mice, while short-term exposure interfered with antidepressant medications. This suggests that chronic EMF exposure may alter brain chemistry and affect how psychiatric medications work.
Madjid Ansari A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the type generated by power lines and electrical appliances) to study effects on depression-like behavior. They found that short-term exposure (2 hours) had no effect, but long-term exposure (2 hours daily for 2 weeks) actually reduced depressive symptoms in the mice. The study suggests this effect may work through changes in nitric oxide levels in the brain.
Maes A, Anthonissen R, Wambacq S, Simons K, Verschaeve L. · 2016
Researchers conducted an in vitro cytogenetic laboratory investigation to explore a possible association between extremely low frequency magnetic fields and Alzheimer's disease risk. The study found that 50 Hz ELF-MF increased the frequency of cells with large micronuclei and nuclear buds, suggesting that fields above 50 μT may induce chromosome instabilities like those found in Alzheimer's disease patients. The researchers noted that results from other published experimental studies on ELF-MF and Alzheimer's disease are described as rather reassuring.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Shiri L, Alaei H, Naghdi N. · 2016
Researchers investigated the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) at 10 Hz and 690–720 μT on the level of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in adult male Wistar rats. A total of 24 adult Wistar male rats were exposed to the magnetic field for 15 successive days, after which 5-HIAA was measured from dialysate samples using high performance liquid chromatography. Exposure for 3 hours daily decreased 5-HIAA in the raphe nucleus, but exposure for 1 hour daily was not effective in altering the level of 5-HIAA.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) at extremely low levels for 90 days. The rats developed impaired learning and memory, elevated stress proteins, and DNA damage in brain cells at radiation levels thousands of times below current safety standards.
Boga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Uncu İ, Binokay S, Demirhan O. · 2016
Researchers exposed adult Xenopus laevis frogs to GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at 900 MHz for 8 hours a day over a 5-week period, then measured effects on the embryos produced from different combinations of exposed and unexposed parents. In the control group, 2.2% of embryos were abnormal and none were dead; when only males were exposed, embryo abnormality rose to 3.3% and dead embryos rose to 8.3%. When only females were exposed, abnormal and dead embryo rates each reached 11.7%; when both parents were exposed, dead embryos reached 15% and abnormal embryos reached 11.7%. Offspring of RF-exposed females also showed more aggressive behavior compared with the control group.
