Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers created a 3D digital twin of an adult fruit fly using micro-CT scans and used it in numerical simulations to estimate absorbed power at 3.6 GHz. They exposed adult Drosophila melanogaster to 3.6 GHz fields for 5 days at 5.4 to 9 V/m (3.56 to 9.88 nW absorbed) and measured locomotor activity. They also exposed flies for 48 hours at an absorption level of 1.91 mW and measured fecundity. No effects were found on either locomotor activity or fecundity.
Unknown authors · 2025
Nineteen healthy participants with a mean age of 36.5 years were exposed to 5G mobile phone exposure at 3.6 GHz and 0.0030 W/m2 for 5 and 20 minutes. Corticospinal excitability, intracortical facilitation, short intracortical inhibition, and long intracortical inhibition were measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation before and after exposure. A repeated-measures ANOVA found no significant interactions between exposure condition and time for any of these measures (all p > 0.15). Bayesian analyses gave Bayes factors close to 1, indicating inconclusive evidence for both the null and alternative hypotheses.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers established a dual-frequency EMR mouse model at 0.8/2.65 GHz. Exposure to this dual-frequency EMR significantly induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Molecular experiments showed a significant decrease in CB1R levels in the medial prefrontal cortex along with a notable reduction in the endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide, indicating downregulation of the entire endocannabinoid system. Overexpressing and knocking down CB1R in the medial prefrontal cortex confirmed that increasing mPFC CB1R levels reduced anxiety-like behavior while decreasing mPFC CB1R levels exacerbated it. Dual-frequency EMR also induced changes in the endocannabinoid system in the basolateral amygdala, and female mice exhibited similar behavioral phenotypes and molecular mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers explored the influence of mobile phone-emitted RF-EMFs on sleep duration and quality in a cohort of medical students. Participants alternated between sleeping with and without a mobile phone for two-week intervals while sleep patterns were monitored using smartwatches. The study found no statistically significant disparities in sleep quality between sleeping with and without a mobile phone. However, RF-EMF exposure had a notable impact on minimum and average blood oxygen saturation levels.
Sauter C et al. · 2025
Sixty healthy women and men aged 60 to 80 years completed four attentional tasks in nine sessions while exposed to GSM 900 MHz, TETRA 385 MHz, or sham exposure. Two of 16 performance measures were significantly affected by exposure in women only, with worse accuracy in an n-back task under GSM exposure in the easier version and under TETRA exposure in the highest level. Performance of women and men did not differ significantly overall, and only one significant sex-exposure interaction was observed under TETRA exposure, indicating better performance in men and worse in women compared to sham. The researchers concluded that overall cognitive performance of healthy elderly participants was not affected by short-term RF-EMF exposure.
Narayanan SN et al. · 2025
Male albino Wistar rats aged four weeks were exposed to 900 MHz radiation from a cellphone for four weeks at one hour per day. In the contextual fear conditioning test, the RF-EMR exposed group showed considerably elevated bright and dark compartment transitions and a significant decrease in latency to enter the dark compartment. Apoptosis was apparent in the CA3 region and perivascular space was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the radiation-exposed group. Lymphocytic infiltrates, congested sinusoids, and apoptotic-like changes were evident in the zona fasciculata, while the cytoarchitecture of the adrenal medulla was comparable in all three groups.
Unknown authors · 2025
Seventeen healthy volunteers received radiofrequency and electrical stimulation on the hands and feet while EEG was recorded. Radiofrequency stimulation was capable of selective activation of nociceptive fibres through rapid skin heating. Radiofrequency evoked potentials showed the highest degree of synchronicity achieved to date for cortical responses to thermal stimulation. The N2 and P2 peak latencies were longer for radiofrequency evoked potentials than for electrical stimulation evoked potentials. The P2 peak latency was also longer for foot stimulation than for hand stimulation.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed honey bee workers to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields of varying intensities and durations in wooden cages. Behavior was analyzed by computer program immediately after exposure and again seven days later. The radiofrequency field affected bee behavior compared to unexposed controls, though not all results were statistically significant. Significant effects were seen seven days after exposure in walking, flight, and individual contact.
Michelant L et al. · 2025
Researchers conducted a randomized, triple-blind crossover study in 31 healthy young adults. Participants received a 26.5-minute exposure to 26 GHz electromagnetic fields at 2 V/m in real and sham sessions separated by one week. No significant modulation of EEG frequency bands was observed during eyes-closed conditions following 26 GHz exposure.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers used 21 New Zealand rabbits divided into three groups of seven, with a control group and two groups exposed to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz radiation. Exposure was maintained at a constant power intensity of 15 dBm for 38 minutes per day under non-thermal conditions with RF levels about ten times lower than normal. Blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed by measuring Evans blue dye in brain tissue using spectrophotometry at 620 nm. No statistically significant difference was found for 1800 MHz exposure, but 2100 MHz exposure produced a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level with a decrease in EB values.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers constructed a cell membrane model with the voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.1 embedded. They calculated vibrational spectra of TIP3P molecules and carboxyl and carbonyl groups in the selectivity filter region at 13.4, 48.7, and 53.2 THz. They measured changes in ion channel pore radius distribution and secondary structures of Cav1.1 triggered by external terahertz electromagnetic fields. They used umbrella sampling to assess functional changes via potential of mean force profiles of Ca2+ permeation. The results showed Cav1.1 has highly frequency specificity, emphasizing the importance of terahertz resonance with biomolecules.
Iranfar S, Wallace J, Selmaoui B, Yahia-Cherif L · 2025
The study aimed to test whether GSM radiofrequency exposure modulates brain functional connectivity. Healthy young adults were exposed to GSM signals at 900 MHz, modulated at 217 Hz with a maximum power of 2 W. Real exposure produced significant alterations in intra-hemispheric functional connectivity, especially in right-hemisphere regions such as the transverse temporal, entorhinal, insula, and posterior cingulate.
Unknown authors · 2025
Seventy-eight young adults aged 17 to 24 years were recruited, completed a validated questionnaire on phone usage, were grouped by duration of use, and underwent pure tone audiometry. Mild to moderate hearing loss was evident in all three usage groups at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz. Hearing loss was more evident in individuals who used phones for more than 30 minutes per day for five years continuously compared to those with shorter use. Significant hearing loss was found in 4G phone users compared to 5G users at 250 Hz and 500 Hz but not at frequencies between 1000 Hz and 8000 Hz, particularly in the left ear. Ear dominance did not play a significant role in influencing hearing loss.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed mice to a 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz signal for 1 hour daily, 5 days per week over six weeks at a brain-averaged SAR of 0.19 W/kg. Behavioral tests after four weeks showed no significant effects on locomotion, anxiety, or memory. mRNA profiling at the end revealed significant expression changes in less than 1% of genes, with over-representation of glutamatergic synapse genes. The right cortical area with a SAR of 0.43 W/kg showed more mitochondrial genome-encoded responsive genes than the left area with a SAR of 0.14 W/kg.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
The study applied continuous Wi-Fi radiation at 2.4 GHz and 200–500 µW/m² for nine days to chicken embryos. Overall mesonephros development was not adversely affected, but moderate diffuse degenerative changes appeared in mesonephric corpuscles and tubules. Congested blood vessels were observed in the interstitium without inflammatory infiltrate. The exposed group showed significantly more apoptotic and proliferating cells and up-regulated caspase-1 gene expression.
Hancı H, Yenilmez E, Demir S, Yıldırım M, Gedikli Ö, Kaya H · 2025
Nine pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to three groups, with the control group receiving no procedure. The sham group was placed in the EMF cage for 1 hour daily during pregnancy without exposure, and the EMF group was exposed to 900 MHz EMF for the same duration. Offspring were evaluated on postnatal days 21 and 60 with open field and rotarod tests, followed by electrophysiological measurements, and sciatic nerves were analyzed histopathologically, histomorphometrically, immunohistochemically, and biochemically. The study concluded that prenatal 900 MHz EMF exposure adversely affected peripheral nerve development, with persistent morphological changes in the sciatic nerve into adulthood that were not severe enough to impair functional outcomes.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers evaluated the impact of 2.45GHz Wi-Fi radiation exposure for 4 hours daily over a consecutive 30-day period on neurobehavioral and brain oxidative stress parameters in adult zebrafish. Post-exposure assessments revealed significant neurobehavioral impairments, altered locomotion, decreased neurotransmitter levels (AChE), and increased oxidative stress.
Er H, Basaranlar G., Derin N., Kantar D, Ozen S. · 2025
Researchers exposed adult rats to 2100 MHz RFR for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for either 1 week or 10 weeks, with sham controls. In the 1-week exposure group, all auditory brainstem response wave latencies were prolonged, oxidative stress markers increased, and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. Acute exposure also caused edema in neurons, astrocytes, and astrocytic end-feet, as well as mitochondrial damage in astrocytes. The 10-week exposure group showed no harmful effects on the auditory system.
Altun G, Kaplan S · 2025
Offspring hypothalamic neurons were analyzed using stereological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods, and anxiety and locomotor behaviors were assessed. EMF exposure reduced neuron numbers in the arcuate nucleus and increased anxiety-like behavior in offspring. Oxidative stress markers were altered and NPY immunoreactivity was stronger in EMF-exposed offspring, while melatonin and omega-3 did not show clear therapeutic effects.
Balmori-de la Puente A, Balmori A · 2024
The paper reviews types and causes of cetacean strandings, focusing on mass strandings lacking a direct scientific explanation. The authors propose that anthropogenic radiofrequency radiation from military and meteorological radars may cause strandings in areas with powerful radars. They searched accessible databases of military and meteorological radars worldwide and reviewed research articles on mass live strandings to find temporal or spatial patterns. The data showed certain patterns of spatial and temporal evidence in stranding concentrations along the coast after radar setup and described how radars may interfere with cetacean echolocation. Plausible mechanisms such as interference with echolocation systems or pulse communication systems are proposed.
Unknown authors · 2024
After four weeks the offspring were sacrificed and hippocampal, kidney, and liver tissues were examined for injury. EMF exposure increased necrotic areas in the hippocampus, hyperemia and necrosis in the kidneys, and degeneration in the liver compared with the group that received both EMF and curcumin. Daily curcumin during pregnancy prevented these tissue injuries in the fetuses.
Sissons SM, Dotta BT · 2024
Researchers exposed perinatal rats to tap water, L-arginine, or N-methylarginine, with half of each group also receiving a 7-Hz square-wave EMF at 5, 50, or 500 nT for 2 to 14 days after birth. Brains were harvested in adulthood at a mean age of 568.17 days and stained with Toluidine Blue O for neuronal counts in the hippocampus, cortices, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Histological analysis revealed a main EMF effect of increased neuronal counts in the secondary somatosensory cortex at low intensities, a significant increase in the left CA3 region in exposed females, and a significant increase in the right entorhinal cortex in exposed males.
Sert C, Başak N, Koruk İ · 2024
