EMF Research Studies

Short- and long-term exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells: Stereological study

Unknown authors · 2014

Increased apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks in the embryonic mouse brain in response to very low-dose X- rays but not 50 Hz magnetic fields

Saha S et al · 2014

X-ray exposure significantly increased DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in the embryonic neuronal stem cell compartment, with a linear dose response. DSB repair was delayed at doses below 50 mGy compared to 100 mGy. No significant induction of DSBs or apoptosis was observed after magnetic field exposure.

Alteration of glycine receptor immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem of mice following three months of exposure to radiofrequency radiation at SAR 4.0 W/kg

Maskey D et al · 2014

Researchers exposed mice to 835 MHz RF radiation at 4.0 W/kg for three months. They used free-floating immunohistochemistry to assess glycine receptor immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem. The number of glycine receptor immunoreactive cells decreased in several cochlear and superior olivary nuclei. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were significantly elevated in the exposed group.

Effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the hematopoietic potential of mouse bone marrow cells

Rosado MM et al · 2014

Researchers exposed mice to GSM-modulated 900 MHz RF fields and transplanted bone marrow cells into irradiated syngeneic recipients from exposed, sham-exposed, or cage control donors. Twelve weeks later, thymocyte numbers, subpopulation frequencies, cell proliferation, spleen cell counts, B/T cell percentages, B/T proliferation, and IFN-γ production were all similar across groups. In a competitive transplant into Rag2-deficient mice, marrow from RF-exposed and sham-exposed mice performed equally, though both were less effective than cage-control marrow, an effect the authors linked to restraint stress, and they concluded that GSM-modulated RF exposure did not impair long-term reconstitution of peripheral T and B cell compartments.

Effects of 21-kHz intermediate frequency magnetic fields on blood properties and immune systems of juvenile rats.

Ushiyama A et al. · 2014

Hematological parameters, cytotoxic activity, phagocytic activity, and T-cell populations showed no significant differences between exposed and sham groups. A significant difference in inorganic phosphorus levels was found but remained within physiological range and was not considered pathophysiological.

Effect of long term 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on enamel microhardness of rat's teeth.

Dasdag S, Yavuz I1, Bakkal M, Kargul B. · 2014

A control group of 7 rats underwent the same procedure with the generator turned off. Enamel microhardness was measured at the end of the study and showed no significant difference between groups (p>0.05).

Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted from Cellular Phones on Fracture Healing.

Aslan A et al. · 2014

The study used 30 Wistar albino rats divided into two equal groups with tibial fractures fixed by K-wire. One group was exposed to 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields for 30 minutes daily, five days a week, while the other group was not exposed. Radiological, histological, and mechanical scores showed no significant differences between groups, and all scores were lower than controls. The researchers concluded that 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones has no effect on bone fracture healing.

Effect of 950 MHz UHF electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, metabolism of UFA and antioxidants in the livers of young rats of different ages

Furtado-Filho OV et al. · 2014

Researchers assessed the effect of 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, unsaturated fatty acid concentrations, and catalase expression in the livers of rats of different ages. Twelve rats per age group were divided into control and exposed groups and exposed for half an hour per day for up to 51 days at a specific absorption rate of 1.3–1.0 W/kg. The radiation did not cause oxidative stress and was not genotoxic in neonates or 6- and 15-day-old rats, but it changed polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in neonates. In 30-day-old rats there was no oxidative stress but the radiation was genotoxic to the livers of exposed rats.

Effect of long-term 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes of mice.

Alcaraz M, Olmos E, Alcaraz-Saura M, Achel DG, Castillo J. · 2014

Researchers exposed mice to a 50 Hz ELM-MF for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d and measured the increase in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte in bone marrow. ELF-EMF exposure increased micronucleated cells more than control but less than X-rays. Antioxidant substances tested did not reduce the genotoxic effect of the ELM-MF, although they reduced damage from ionizing radiation.

Short term effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure on Alzheimer's disease in rats.

Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Li N. · 2014

Researchers exposed 20 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats to 100 μT/50 Hz ELF-EMF or sham exposure for 12 weeks. The Morris water maze test showed no cognitive or memory impairment in the exposed rats compared to sham-exposed rats. Body weight, Aβ levels, and neuron morphology showed no significant changes between groups.

Disturbance of the magnetic field did not affect spatial memory.

Li Y, Zhang C, Song T. · 2014

Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to Morris water maze training, ELF-MF exposure (50 Hz, 100 microT), or combined training and exposure for 90 days, with normal rats as controls. Previous training improved spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze and this effect lasted at least 90 days. However, this improvement was not observed during the probe trial. ELF-MF exposure did not significantly differ from controls and did not interfere with training-related improvements.

Effect of whole-body exposure to the 848.5-MHz code division multiple access (CDMA) electromagnetic field on adult neurogenesis in the young, healthy rat brain.

Kim HS et al. · 2014

Researchers assigned male Sprague-Dawley rats to cage-control, sham-exposed, and CDMA-exposed groups, with six rats per group. The CDMA-exposed rats received whole-body exposure to an 848.5 MHz CDMA signal at 2 W/kg for either 1 or 8 hours daily, five days a week, for two weeks. During the last five exposure days, all rats were injected with BrdU to label dividing cells, and the numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus were estimated using an unbiased stereological method. The study found no significant difference in BrdU-positive cell counts in either brain region between CDMA-exposed rats and both control groups.

Non-linear adaptive phenomena which decrease the risk of infection after pre-exposure to radiofrequency radiation.

Mortazavi SM et al. · 2014

Researchers previously found that radiofrequency radiation exposure can induce a survival adaptive response in laboratory animals. They also reported that pre-exposing mice to GSM mobile phone radiation increased resistance to subsequent Escherichia coli infection. In this study, animals receiving both radiofrequency pre-exposure and bacterial challenge had a 56% survival rate versus 20% for those receiving only the bacterial challenge.

The effect of 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G mobile phone on the parotid gland of rats.

Aydogan F et al. · 2014

Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Groups A and B served as control groups for 10 days and 40 days with six rats each, while groups C and D were exposure groups with nine rats each. The rats were exposed to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation simulating a third generation mobile phone for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 10 or 40 days. Exposure groups showed numerous histopathological changes in the parotid gland, with more prominent changes after 40 days compared to 10 days.

(2014) The Compound Chinese Medicine “Kang Fu Ling” Protects against High Power Microwave-Induced Myocardial Injury.

Zhang X, Gao Y, Dong J, Wang S, Yao B, et al. · 2014

Researchers tested whether the compound Chinese medicine Kang Fu Ling could protect the heart from high power microwave injury. One hundred male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: no treatment, microwave radiation only, or radiation followed by Kang Fu Ling at 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/day. Microwave radiation lowered heart rate, caused a J point shift on ECG, and produced myocyte swelling, mitochondrial rupture, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Treatment with 1.5 g/kg/day Kang Fu Ling for seven days increased heart rate, reduced the J point shift, restored normal myocyte and mitochondrial structure, increased mitochondrial fluorescence, and reversed the microwave-induced decrease in Cx-43 and VDAC protein expression.

Analysis of rat testicular proteome following 30-days exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field radiation.

Sepehrimanesh M, Kazemipour N, Saeb M, Nazifi S. · 2014

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF radiation for 1, 2, or 4 hours per day for 30 consecutive days. Testes were analyzed using high-resolution 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Thirteen proteins were found only in sham or exposure groups, including heat shock proteins, superoxide dismutase, and peroxiredoxin-1. The results suggest that 30-day EMF exposure induces nonthermal stress in testicular tissue.

Pathological effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat kidney.

Odacı E et al. · 2014

Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day on days 13 to 21 of pregnancy. Kidney tissues of male pups were examined on postnatal day 21 using light and electron microscopy, and biochemical markers were measured. Light microscopy showed degenerative tubule epithelium changes, small cystic formations, and large cysts in the experimental group. Electron microscopy revealed loss of peritubular capillaries and atypical parietal layer epithelial cells. Biochemical analysis found significantly increased MDA levels and decreased SOD and CAT levels.

Effect of electromagnetic irradiation produced by 3G mobile phone on male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario.

Kumar S, Nirala JP, Behari J, Paulraj R. · 2014

Researchers aimed to observe the effect of electromagnetic irradiation from a 3G mobile phone on the male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario. Exposure to EMF in male albino rats was associated with a significant decrease in sperm count, increased lipid peroxidation damage in sperm cells, reduced seminiferous tubules and testicular weight, and DNA damage.

Melatonin protects rat cerebellar granule cells against electromagnetic field-induced increases in Na+ currents through intracellular Ca2+ release.

Liu DD, Ren Z, Yang G, Zhao QR, Mei YA. · 2014

Researchers exposed rat cerebellar granule cells to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields for 60 minutes and measured sodium channel currents. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased Nav current densities by 62.5 percent. Melatonin at 5 μM inhibited this ELF-EMF-induced increase in sodium currents. The protective effect of melatonin involved MT2 receptors and calcium release triggered by calcium influx.

Sensory transduction of weak electromagnetic fields: role of glutamate neurotransmission mediated by NMDA receptors.

Frilot C 2nd, Carrubba S, Marino AA. · 2014

EEPs and auditory evoked potentials were detected in awake rats and under xylazine anesthesia but not under ketamine anesthesia. The duration and latency of EEPs were unchanged by xylazine anesthesia. The authors concluded that EMF transduction likely involves NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate neurotransmission.

The effect of radiofrequency radiation generated by a Global System for Mobile Communications source on cochlear development in a rat model

Seckin E et al. · 2014

Pregnant rats and their offspring were exposed to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications radiofrequency radiation for one hour per day during pregnancy and for 21 days after birth. Distortion product otoacoustic emission tests showed no significant difference among the groups. Electron microscopy revealed significant differences in the numbers of normal, apoptotic, and necrotic cells among the groups. The findings indicated cellular structural damage in the cochlea caused by radiofrequency radiation exposure during cochlear development.

Effects of mobile phone radiation (900 MHz radiofrequency) on structure and functions of rat brain

Saikhedkar N et al. · 2014

Researchers exposed 30-day-old rats to 900 MHz radio waves from a mobile handset for 4 hours per day over 15 days. Exposed rats showed more anxiety and poor learning compared to control and sham groups. Antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants changed significantly and lipid peroxidation increased in exposed rats.

Effect of 3G cell phone exposure with computer controlled 2-D stepper motor on non-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress pathway in rat brain.

Kesari KK, Meena R, Nirala J, Kumar J, Verma HN. · 2014

Researchers exposed 45-day-old male Wistar rats to 3G cell phone radiation for 2 hours a day over 60 days using a computer-controlled stepper motor. Exposure significantly induced DNA strand breaks and increased micronuclei, caspase 3, and apoptosis in the brain. Western blotting showed a transient increase in phosphorylation of hsp27, hsp70, and p38MAPK, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. The researchers concluded that oxidative stress activates the hsp27/p38MAPK pathway and that 3G radiation affects brain function and causes neurological disorders.

Effects of the exposure to intermittent 1.8 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic fields on HSP70 expression and MAPK signaling pathways in PC12 cells.

Valbonesi P, Franzellitti S, Bersani F, Contin A, Fabbri E. · 2014

Researchers exposed rat PC12 cells to 1.8 GHz continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals at a SAR of 2 W/kg for 4, 16, or 24 hours. HSP70 gene expression was measured by RT-PCR, while HSP70 protein and MAPK phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting. Only the GSM-217Hz signal increased HSP70 transcription after 16 or 24 hours of exposure. HSP70 protein levels and three MAPK signaling pathways were unchanged by any of the signals.

Exposure of mice to 900-1900 MHz radiations from cell phone resulting in microscopic changes in the kidney

Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Samy AS. · 2014

Mice were exposed to 2G ultra-high frequency radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days, with sham controls. In the exposed group, kidney weight and volume were significantly reduced in the first month, while kidney weight alone was significantly increased in the fifth month. Microscopic examination revealed dilated glomerular capillaries, increased urinary space, wider tubular lumens with reduced cell size, brush border interruption, vacuolated cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and marked basal striations in distal tubules. The researchers concluded that chronic exposure to 2G cell phone radiation could cause microscopic changes in the glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules.