Zhang C, Li Y, Wang C, Lv R, Song T · 2013
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to ELF-MF at 100 µT and 50 Hz with or without oral aluminum for 12 weeks. Oral aluminum treatment caused learning and memory impairment, neuronal cell loss, and high amyloid-β density in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. ELF-MF alone showed no significant effect on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Combined ELF-MF and aluminum exposure did not cause more damage than aluminum alone.
Kim HS et al. · 2013
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage-control, sham-exposed, and RFID-exposed groups and exposed to 915 MHz RFID for 8 h daily, 5 days per week, for 2 or 16 weeks. The whole-body average specific absorption rate was 4 W/kg. FDG-PET images were obtained the day after RFID exposure using micro-PET with a FDG tracer, and the relative cerebral glucose metabolic rate was unchanged in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortexes of exposed rats compared with cage-control and sham-exposed groups.
Aït-Aïssa S et al. · 2013
Researchers investigated bioeffects of WiFi signals on developing nervous systems of young rodents by assessing expression levels of 3-Nitrotyrosine, Hsp25, and Hsp70. Daily 2-hour exposures were performed blind in a reverberation chamber at whole-body specific absorption rates of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg. No significant difference was observed among exposed and sham-exposed groups. The results suggest repeated WiFi exposure during gestation and early life has no deleterious effects on young rat brains.
Ahlers MT, Ammermüller J · 2013
Researchers studied possible non-thermal effects of RF-EMF on retinal ganglion cells in vitro under constant temperature. Mouse retinae were exposed to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS at SARs of 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, and 20 W/kg with temperature controlled within ±0.5 to 1°C. Light responses were recorded before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure under double-blind conditions. Comparison of sham and actual exposure distance values showed no significant differences, and regression analysis found no consistent SAR dependence. The authors concluded no acute effects on retinal ganglion cell responses at SARs up to 20 W/kg.
Meo SA, Al Rubeaan K · 2013
The study aimed to determine the effects of mobile phone radiation on fasting blood glucose in Wistar Albino rats. Rats exposed for more than 15 minutes per day showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose and serum insulin than controls. HOMA-IR was significantly increased in the 15-30 and 46-60 minute per day groups compared with controls.
Lin WT, Chang CH, Cheng CY, Chen MC, Wen YR, Lin CT, Lin CW. · 2013
Researchers compared the effects of different pulse waveforms and PRF parameters using a miniature bipolar electrode on the dorsal root ganglion. The sinusoidal waveform group showed higher Von Frey scores than the square wave group. Pain relief was evaluated using the Von Frey method for pain threshold index based on behavioral response to mechanical stimuli.
Koca O et al. · 2013
Twenty-one male Albino rats were divided into three groups of seven rats each. Group 1 was exposed to a Philips Genie 900 cell phone in speech mode for 8 hours per day for 20 days, and Group 2 was exposed for 20 days with kidneys removed after a 20-day interval. Light microscopic examination showed kidney tissue damage in exposed groups with mean severity scores significantly higher than controls.
Kao HK, Li Q, Flynn B, Qiao X, Ruberti JW, Murphy GF, Guo L. · 2013
Researchers exposed wounded diabetic mice to pulsed radiofrequency energy and assessed wound closure, cell proliferation, and gene expression. Pulsed radiofrequency energy increased dermal cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in the wounds. However, CD31 density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor did not differ significantly between treated and sham groups. In fibroblast cultures, pulsed radiofrequency energy increased gelation time compared to sham exposure.
Behari J, Nirala JP. · 2013
A SAR measurement system was developed for a brain phantom in a Perspex box. The phantom box volume matched a small rat and was illuminated by a 3G mobile phone at 1718.5 MHz. A moving platform changed the phone's angular position at 2 degrees per minute up to 20 degrees while induced fields were measured. SAR values computed from induced fields were higher than those from induced field measurements alone and varied with angular position, but remained well below human safety criteria. SAR was also measured by temperature rise and compared with the induced-field results, and measurements were repeated in a 10 g phantom in a cubical box for safety criteria comparison.
Liu C et al. · 2013
Jelodar G, Nazifi S, Akbari A. · 2013
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague–Dawley rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves for 45 days. RFW exposure decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increased malondialdehyde levels in testis tissue. Vitamin C improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced malondialdehyde compared with RFW-only rats.
Jelodar G, Akbari A, Nazifi S. · 2013
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves daily for 45 days and measured antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in eye tissue. Radiofrequency wave exposure decreased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde compared with controls. Vitamin C supplementation at 200 mg/kg per day improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced malondialdehyde compared with the test group.
Bodera P et al. · 2013
Some rats had persistent inflammation induced by CFA injection 24 hours before exposure. Rats received tramadol at 20 mg/kg or vehicle before exposure. Single EMF exposure significantly reduced antioxidant capacity in both healthy and inflamed rats. A synergistic effect between EMF and tramadol was observed in CFA-treated rats.
Aynali G, Nazıroğlu M, Celik O, Doğan M, Yarıktaş M, Yasan H · 2013
Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups, including a melatonin-treated group receiving 10 mg/kg/day. Rats in the exposure groups received 2.45 GHz radiation for 60 minutes daily for 28 days. Radiation exposure raised lipid peroxidation levels compared with controls. Melatonin treatment lowered lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione peroxidase activity. Reduced glutathione levels did not differ among groups.
Tasset I et al. · 2013
Researchers used a Huntington's disease-like rat model induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. Western blot analysis showed that 3-NP reduced Nrf2 in both cytoplasm and nucleus, while TMS increased Nrf2 levels in both compartments.
Podda MV et al. · 2013
Researchers injected mice with BrdU to label newborn cells and exposed them to ELFEFs 9 days later for 3.5 hours per day over 6 days. ELFEF exposure enhanced newborn neuron survival as shown by double staining for BrdU and doublecortin or NeuN labeling. The exposure was associated with enhanced spatial learning and memory. In hippocampal neural stem cell cultures, ELFEFs rescued differentiating neurons from apoptotic cell death. Western blot analysis revealed reduced pro-apoptotic Bax and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in exposed mice and cultures compared to sham controls.
Zhang Y, She F, Li L, Chen C, Xu S, Luo X, Li M, He M, Yu Z. · 2013
Researchers exposed primary cultured cortical neurons from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats to pulsed 2.45 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes. Exposure significantly decreased cellular viability and increased apoptotic nuclei, CDK5 activity, the p25 to p35 ratio, and tau phosphorylation at Ser404. CDK5 expression did not change significantly after exposure. A CDK5 inhibitor blocked the exposure-induced decrease in cellular viability and tau hyperphosphorylation but did not significantly block apoptosis.
Eser O et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed 24 adult male Wistar Albino rats to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz microwaves for 1 hour per day over 2 months. The exposed rats showed severe degenerative changes, shrunken cytoplasm, and extensively dark pyknotic nuclei in the frontal cortex and brain stem compared with controls.
Köktürk S et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to electromagnetic fields during pre- and postnatal periods until postnatal day 80, with one group receiving daily oral Lycopersicon esculentum extract at approximately 2 g/kg. Compared to unexposed controls, EMF-exposed rats showed a significant increase in caspase-3-labeled Purkinje neurons and granule cells, and Purkinje neurons exhibited dark neuron degenerative changes. Rats given the extract alongside EMF exposure had significantly fewer caspase-3-labeled neurons and fewer dark Purkinje neurons than EMF-only rats. The authors concluded that Lycopersicon esculentum exerted a protective effect against EMF-induced apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the cerebellum.
İkinci A et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy. The study used 3 pregnant rats per group and yielded 13 control and 10 EMF female pups for testing.
Jiang B, Zong C, Zhao H, Ji Y, Tong J, Cao Y · 2013
Adult male ICR mice were pre-exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields for 4 hours per day for 7 days, then given an acute whole-body dose of 3 Gy gamma radiation. The micronucleus assay was used to measure genotoxicity in immature erythrocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Mice exposed to the radiofrequency fields alone showed micronucleus indices similar to unexposed controls, while mice given gamma radiation alone showed a significantly increased micronucleus frequency. Mice pre-exposed to the radiofrequency fields before gamma radiation showed a significant decrease in micronucleus indices compared to those given gamma radiation alone.
Gapeyev AB, Kulagina TP, Aripovsky AV. · 2013
Researchers studied how extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) affected fatty acid composition in the thymus, liver, blood plasma, muscle tissue, and tumor tissue of mice carrying Ehrlich solid carcinoma. Mice were exposed to EHF EMR at 42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, for 20 minutes daily over five consecutive days starting the day after tumor cells were introduced. In tumor-bearing mice, EHF EMR exposure led to recovery of fatty acid composition in thymocytes to the state typical for normal animals, and in tumor tissue it significantly decreased monounsaturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Bilgici B, Akar A, Avci B, Tuncel OK. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field at a whole body average specific absorption rate of 1.08 W/kg for 1 h/day for 3 weeks. Malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein product levels increased in rat brain tissue after exposure, suggesting increased lipid and protein oxidation. Garlic reduced the brain oxidative stress markers, though it did not affect the increase in serum nitric oxide levels. Nitric oxide levels in the brain showed no significant difference after exposure, but serum nitric oxide increased significantly.
Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Akar A, Sekeroğlu V. · 2013
Researchers investigated the cytogenotoxic effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on bone marrow cells of immature and mature rats. Rats in the treatment groups were exposed to RF-EMF for 2 hours per day for 45 days. Significant differences were observed in chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, mitotic index, and ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes in all treatment and recovery groups. A 15-day recovery period after exposure did not reduce the damage to the same extent as the corresponding control groups.
Bertolino G, Dutra Souza HC, de Araujo JE. · 2013
Researchers studied the effects of static magnetic field stimulation on motor behavior and brain tissue in Wistar rats that had received a 6-Hydroxydopamine lesion in the substantia nigra compacta. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into groups, and in those receiving magnetic stimulation, a 3200-gauss magnet was fixed to the skull. Lesioned rats that received magnetic stimulation spent more time on the rotarod apparatus and had a higher number of surviving neurons than the lesion-only group.
