Haghani M, Shabani M, Moazzami K · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant Wistar rats to 900-MHz pulse-EMF irradiation for 6 hours per day throughout gestation, then evaluated ten offspring per group. Behavioral tests did not reveal any abnormalities in the exposed offspring. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings revealed decreased neuronal excitability of Purkinje cells, with changes in afterhyperpolarization amplitude, spike frequency, half width, and first spike latency.
Baş O et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on days 13 through 21 of pregnancy, then examined the brains of their female pups on postnatal day 32. Exposure during those prenatal days led to a significant decrease in the number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis of the female rat pups (P<0.05). Histopathological examination also revealed picnotic cells in the cornu ammonis of the exposed female rat pups.
Banaceur S, Banasr S, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H · 2013
Researchers studied the effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency signals on wildtype mice and triple transgenic mice bred to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. Mice were exposed two hours per day during one month at a Specific Absorption Rate of 1.60 W/kg. The researchers reported that radiofrequency exposure improved cognitive behavior in the 3xTg-AD mice.
Aboul Ezz HS, Khadrawy YA, Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, El Bakry MM · 2013
Researchers investigated the effect of electromagnetic radiation on concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and medulla oblongata of adult rats. Adult rats were exposed daily to electromagnetic radiation at 1800 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 0.843 W/kg and power density of 0.02 mW/cm2, modulated at 217 Hz. Measurements were taken after 1, 2, and 4 months of daily exposure, and also after stopping exposure for 1 month following 4 months of daily exposure. The exposure resulted in significant changes in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in all four brain areas studied.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers conducted a comprehensive investigation of emotional and cognitive behavior in adult mice repeatedly exposed to a 7 Tesla static magnetic field in utero. Using well-validated tests, they did not observe any adverse behavioral alterations regarding emotional behavior as well as spatial and emotional learning. The study was motivated by increasing use of MRI in obstetrics and development of higher-performance systems with stronger fields requiring ongoing safety evaluation. Rodent studies provide an excellent opportunity to investigate acute and long-term effects of magnetic field exposure systematically.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers studied the effect of an 8 mT, 50 Hz electromagnetic field on memory consolidation in adult male and female mice. Mice were randomly assigned to six groups of ten each, with experimental groups exposed to the field for 4 hours after learning, sham-exposed groups, and control groups. Memory consolidation was assessed Twenty-four hours later using step-down latency in a passive avoidance task, and exposure significantly decreased memory function in both sexes.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers exposed female Fischer 344 and Lewis rats to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field for two weeks. Whole genome microarray analysis of mammary gland tissue revealed decreased α-amylase, carbonic anhydrase 6, and lactoperoxidase gene expression, and increased cystatin E/M expression in exposed F344 rats but not in Lewis rats.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers used sixty-four four-month-old male Wistar rats divided into eight groups of eight rats each. Seven groups were exposed to varying dosages of manganese and a 50 Hz magnetic field of approximately 1 mT, while the last group served as a cage control. The study investigated interactions between the magnetic field and manganese and the elements calcium, zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus thought to be involved in caries in rat teeth. Levels of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus in the experimental group rats were different from those in the control group.
Unknown authors · 2012
The study used 66 NMRI pregnant females divided into treated and non-treated groups. The treated group was exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 6×10-3 T. Embryos were collected by flushing the uterine horn and Fallopian tubes on day 3 of gestation. There was no significant difference in the mean number of blastocysts between treated and none treated groups. Exposed blastocysts had significantly fewer total cells, ICM cells, and TE cells, while the ICM/TE ratio increased.
Narinyan L et al · 2012
Researchers studied the effect of a 0.2 T static magnetic field on heart muscle hydration in young, adult, and older rats with and without ouabain poisoning. SMF exposure dehydrated heart muscle in young rats by 21% and in adult rats by 6.2%, but had no effect on older rats. In young rats without ouabain, SMF caused dehydration, while in ouabain-poisoned young rats it caused hydration of 29.6%. Providing distilled water for seven days increased hydration in older rats by 5.7% and enhanced the SMF-induced hydration effect by 12%. The authors suggest that age-related differences in magnetosensitivity are due to initial tissue hydration levels and Na+/K+ pump dysfunction.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to RF-EMF for 45 minutes per day, five days per week, for up to eight weeks. Each signal had a whole-body average SAR of 2.0 W/kg. The combined exposure did not affect the measured immune parameters.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 2450 MHz Wi-Fi signal for 2 hours per day, 6 days per week, for 18 days at whole-body specific absorption rates of 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg. The prenatal study examined fetuses delivered by caesarean section from five females per group, and dams with offspring were observed for 28 days after delivery with 15 females per group. No abnormalities were noted in pregnant rats and no significant signs of toxicity were observed in pre- and postnatal development of pups, even at the highest exposure level of 4 W/kg.
Laudisi F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to WiFi signals at 2450 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for two hours daily during gestation. Thymocyte count, phenotype, and proliferation were unchanged in exposed offspring. These null effects were consistent in both sexes at 5 and 26 weeks of age.
Demirel S, Doganay S, Turkoz Y, Dogan Z, Turan B, Firat PG. · 2012
Eighteen Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to either 3G mobile phone radiation exposure for 20 days or a control group with no exposure. Researchers measured glutathione peroxidase and catalase in eye tissue, and malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione in blood. No significant differences were found in GSH-Px (p = 0.99) or CAT (p = 0.18) activity in eye tissue between exposed and control rats. No significant differences were found in MDA (p = 0.69) or GSH levels (p = 0.83) in blood between groups.
Lee HJ, Jin YB, Lee JS, Choi JI, Lee JW, Myung SH, Lee YS. · 2012
NIH3T3 cells were exposed to a 60 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT for 4 hours, alone or with ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or c-Myc overexpression. A 4 hour exposure to ELF-MF alone produced no cell transformation. ELF-MF exposure did not influence the transformation activity of ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or activated c-Myc, indicating no additive or synergistic effects.
Dogan M et al. · 2012
Rats were randomly assigned to an exposed group (n=9) and a control group (n=9), with the exposed group subjected to electromagnetic radiation for 20 days. Researchers measured choline, creatinin, and N-acetylaspartate levels by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by spectrophotometry, and apoptosis by histopathology. No significant differences were found in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, or NAA/Cho ratios between the exposed and control groups. Oxidative stress parameters and apoptotic cell counts also showed no significant differences between groups.
Teven CM et al. · 2012
Ozlem Nisbet H, Nisbet C, Akar A, Cevik M, Karayigit MO · 2012
Mortazavi S et al. · 2012
In the first phase, 110 male mice were divided into eight groups and exposed or sham-exposed to microwave, low dose rate gamma, or both for five days before a lethal gamma dose on day six. In the second phase, 30 male rats were divided into two groups of 15; the first group received microwave exposure, the second group received no treatment before the lethal dose, and all animals were whole-body irradiated with the lethal dose on day five. Statistically significant differences in survival were observed for mice pre-exposed to microwave (p=0.02), low dose rate gamma (p=0.001), or both (p=0.003), and for rats between control and test groups. The authors concluded that exposure to microwave radiation may induce a significant survival adaptive response.
Celik S, Aridogan IA, Izol V, Erdoğan S, Polat S, Doran S. · 2012
Researchers placed Wistar-Kyoto male rats into a control group with inactive cell phones and an experimental group with active cell phones for three months. No significant differences were found in testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, or histopathological evaluation between the groups. Electron microscopy showed increased membrana propria thickness, increased collagen fibers, extended capillary veins, vacuolization in Sertoli cells, electron-dense structures, and large lipid droplets in the exposed rats.
Al-Damegh MA. · 2012
The study exposed rats to an electromagnetic field for 15, 30, and 60 minutes daily over two weeks, with some groups receiving vitamin C (40 mg/kg/day) or vitamin E (2.7 mg/kg/day). Electromagnetic exposure significantly increased seminiferous tubule diameter and caused disorganized sperm cycle interruption. It also raised serum and testicular conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, and catalase activities threefold while decreasing glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels three to fivefold. The authors concluded that the electromagnetic frequency negatively affected testicular architecture and enzymatic activity and that vitamins C and E may mitigate oxidative stress and restore normality.
Oksay T, Naziroğlu M, Doğan S, Güzel A, Gümral N, Koşar PA. · 2012
Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups: cage control, sham control, 2.45-GHz EMR exposure, and 2.45-GHz EMR plus melatonin. Rats in the EMR groups were exposed to 2.45-GHz EMR for 60 minutes per day for 30 days. EMR exposure increased lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamins A and E in the testis. Melatonin treatment prevented the rise in lipid peroxidation and the drop in vitamin E.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2012
Seventy-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to mobile phone radiofrequency radiation for two hours per day for 45 days and compared with a sham-exposed group. RF-exposed animals had a significant decrease in testosterone and an increase in caspase-3 activity. Distortions in sperm head and mid piece of sperm mitochondrial sheath were observed via transmission electron microscopy. Progeny from RF-exposed rats showed significant decreases in number and weight compared to sham-exposed animals.
Ceyhan AM et al. · 2012
Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, sham, electromagnetic radiation, and radiation plus β-glucan groups. Rats in the radiation groups were exposed to a 2.45-GHz field for 60 minutes daily over four weeks, and β-glucan was given at 50 mg/kg/day by gavage before each exposure. Radiation increased malondialdehyde and catalase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while β-glucan significantly reversed the malondialdehyde rise and the superoxide dismutase drop, with non-significant effects on catalase and glutathione peroxidase.
Martínez-Sámano J et al. · 2012
Researchers arranged male Wistar rats into four groups: control, EMF exposed, movement restrained, and EMF plus movement restraint for two hours. Acute EMF exposure reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the brain. Acute EMF exposure did not elevate plasma corticosterone but impaired antioxidant status in the brain.
