Human cells response to electromagnetic waves of radio and microwave frequenciesSouchelnytskyi S et al. · 2025
The review highlights recent achievements in elucidating molecular mechanisms of RF and MW effects. It also highlights a direction for successful practical application in humans. Human cells both generate and absorb electromagnetic waves. Information about sensing and responding to EMW at different Hz frequencies is still fragmentary. The reported impact of RF and MW frequencies is variable, from harmful to human health to promising applications for diagnostics and treatment of diseases such as cancer.
Belenko J, Cancel G, Mayrovitz HN · 2025
A systematic literature search identified 1,718 articles published between 1964 and 2023, and after removing duplicates 36 studies were included. Myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome incidence increased during geomagnetic storms, solar proton events, and high-speed solar wind; stroke risk rose up to 52% during severe storms, especially in young adults. Low geomagnetic activity combined with high cosmic ray activity was consistently associated with increased myocardial infarction incidence and mortality, and the authors noted that findings remain inconsistent, rely on ecological designs, and are preliminary.
Unknown authors · 2025
Stefanopoulou M et al. · 2025
Researchers collaborated with 12 specialists to create an expert-based knowledge graph linking RF-EMF exposure to direct and indirect health effects. They also evaluated an AI tool that uses natural language processing and deep learning to extract information from literature and generate knowledge graphs. The expert-based knowledge graph can organize available knowledge as a first step in planetary health impact assessment, while AI tools require substantial human oversight and cannot replace expert judgment.
Scarato · 2025
The paper explores regulatory infrastructure deficiencies including the absence of monitoring, premarket safety testing, post-market surveillance, emissions compliance, occupational safety, and wildlife protection. A 2021 federal court mandated the FCC to review scientific evidence, but the FCC has not responded. Compliance tests for cell phones do not reflect real-world use and can hide exposures exceeding FCC limits. Other countries enforce stricter limits and have policies to protect children. The paper recommends reforms such as independent research, science-based safety limits, pre- and post-market surveillance, and risk mitigation for children and wildlife.
Levitt et al · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Lai & Levitt · 2025
Numerous studies report changes in gene expression in cells exposed to radiofrequency radiation (RFR), the type of energy emitted by wireless communication devices. The major affected genes are involved in repair of damaged proteins, response to stress, oxidative changes, apoptosis, DNA damage detection and repair, and changes in neural functions. These gene expression effects are supported by other biological studies and should be considered in setting RFR-exposure guidelines.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers examined published reports on oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disease risk related to EMF exposure. The literature review provided the foundation for building a new conceptual model called the Electromagnetic Pathogenesis (EMP) model. The EMP model proposes that non-ionizing EMFs increase the probability of electron tunneling through the mitochondrial electron transport chain as the primary pathophysiological mechanism. The model suggests induced electric fields and quantum tunneling may enhance electron leakage during mitochondrial respiration, a major source of free radicals. The human brain's social communication networks are described as highly vulnerable to oxidative stress from EMF exposure, and long-term exposure may negatively affect social and reproductive behaviors.
Panagopoulos et al · 2025
Anthropogenic EMFs, especially wireless communications, are fully polarized, coherent, and highly variable, unlike natural EMFs. Wireless communication fields consist of microwave carrier waves modulated by ELF signals and on/off pulses at various ELF rates, with intense random variability in the ULF band. Epidemiological and laboratory studies link ELF or wireless EMF exposure to cancer, infertility, electro-hypersensitivity and other pathologies, and find DNA damage and oxidative stress as explanatory mechanisms.
Tahmasebi et al · 2025
This multicenter case–control study recruited 226 women in Iran classified as controls, suspected cases, and confirmed breast cancer cases. Structured questionnaires collected data on mobile phone call duration, screen time, and phone placement. Longer screen time (>4 h/day), later age at menarche, lower education level, and exposure to environmental pollutants were also associated with increased odds.
Mevissen et al · 2025
Paoletti S et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers collected data from 80 male workers in an automobile part manufacturing plant, including demographic characteristics, occupational exposures, biochemical markers, hormone levels, and sperm parameters. They trained five machine learning models using 5-fold cross-validation to predict reproductive health outcomes. Exposure to whole-body vibration, magnetic fields, electric fields, and heat stress closely affected free testosterone levels. The XGBoost and random forest models achieved the highest AUC of 0.99. Random Forest importance indicated electric field exposure (5%) and magnetic field exposure (4.7%) had the most substantial negative impact on free testosterone.
Ziegenbalg L, Güntürkün O, Winklhofer M · 2025
Researchers trained adult zebrafish to avoid a green LED light spot while exposing some groups to a sinusoidal magnetic field at 0.3 Hz with intensities of 0.015 mT and 0.06 mT. The 0.06 mT magnetic field reduced learning performance and altered response behavior despite the visual cue being sufficient to drive avoidance. The authors suggest that extremely low frequency magnetic fields of Earth-strength amplitude can act as cross-modal distractors diverting attention from nonmagnetic sensory cues.
Zheng Y, Wang M, Dong L, Tian C, Qi D, Chen Y · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers used APP/PS1 double transgenic AD model mice, grouped them by water maze performance, and applied 40 Hz/10 mT pulsed magnetic field stimulation. Compared with the AD group, the stimulated group showed alleviation of mitochondrial crest structure loss and significant improvement in mitochondrial dynamics indexes (P < 0.001). The stimulation also improved sympathetic nerve excitation and parasympathetic nerve inhibition, and significantly improved spatial cognitive memory ability (P < 0.05).
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Larvae showed robust electrotaxis, moving toward the cathode and adjusting their path when the field orientation changed. A behavioral screen identified a subset of sensory neurons at the tip of the larval head that are necessary for electrotaxis. Calcium imaging revealed that a pair of Gr66a-positive sensory neurons, one on each side of the head, encodes the strength and orientation of the electric field.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers used whole brain activity mapping, tissue clearing, and light sheet microscopy to identify neuronal populations activated by magnetic stimuli in pigeons. They found robust, light-independent bilateral neuronal activation in the medial vestibular nuclei and the caudal mesopallium. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the semicircular cristae revealed specialized type II hair cells that express the molecular machinery for detection of magnetic stimuli by electromagnetic induction. The data supports a model where electromagnetic input from the semicircular canals activates a vestibular-mesopallial circuit in the pigeon brain.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers pre-applied ELF-EMF to a neuroblastoma neuronal cell line before exposing it to 4 hours of zinc intoxication to model Tau-microtubule dissociation. The ELF-EMF exposure enhanced microtubule dynamics and increased Tau-microtubule interaction despite zinc toxicity. Additional 1-hour concomitant treatments comparing 3.9 Hz and 40 Hz at 1 G showed effects on Tau phosphorylation accentuated at 40 Hz and reduction in beta tubulin isotypes most pronounced at 3.9 Hz.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers studied 155,562 individuals living in buildings with indoor transformer stations, comparing 5,652 residents in apartments next to the transformer room (exposed) with 115,772 residents on higher floors (referents). Alzheimer's disease cases were identified from the Drug Purchase Register and the Drug Reimbursement Register, and associations were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models. The overall hazard ratio for Alzheimer's disease was 1.02 (95% CI 0.85–1.22), showing no increased risk, and the hazard ratio for those who began residence before age 50 was 1.22 (95% CI 0.94–1.57), which was not statistically significant.
Kaur S, Jain S, Bhardwaj R, Kumaran SS, Kochhar KP · 2025
Adult male Wistar rats received a complete spinal cord injury at T-13 and were exposed to ELF-MF for 5, 12, or 32 days. Motor and sensorimotor behavioral tests, lesion volume, cortical EEG, BDNF and Nogo-A expression were measured at each time point. After 32 days of ELF-MF, significant recovery was seen in BBB locomotor score, allodynia, grip strength, EEG power spectrum, and lesion volume, and the SCI+MF group showed increased BDNF and decreased Nogo-A while preserving the biphasic expression pattern.
Kakikawa M, Kenmochi A, Yamada S · 2025
The magnetic field reduced the number of feeding aggregates by 40% in the IM222 mutant and by 25% in the DA609 mutant. The same magnetic field did not affect the mutants' movement speed or attraction to the odorant diacetyl over 90 minutes.
Hui Y, Sun C, Yang Q, Liu G, Yuan T, He P, Qin X · 2025
Researchers developed a non-contact electrical stimulation platform using a magnetic field-coupled nerve conduit made of polycaprolactone, conductive polymer, and black phosphorus. The conduit exhibited excellent electrical properties and biocompatibility, and when placed in an external rotating magnetic field it transmitted pulsed currents to targeted sites via electromagnetic induction. Regeneration levels with the magnetic field-driven conduit were comparable to autologous transplantation, and it enhanced axonal regeneration, neovascularization, and inflammation regulation.
