Coşkun S, Balabanli B, Canseven A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers exposed adult guinea pigs to a continuous and intermittent 50 Hz, 1.5 mT magnetic field for 4 hours per day for 4 days. Intermittent magnetic field exposure was effective on plasma lipid peroxidation, while continuous magnetic field exposure was effective on plasma MPO activity and NO levels. Augmentation of lipid peroxidation was observed in liver tissue under both intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures.
Naziroğlu M, Gümral N. · 2009
Researchers divided thirty rats into five groups to study the effects of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation on the brain's antioxidant system and EEG records. Exposed rats received 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes per day for 28 days, after which EEG records and brain cortex samples were collected. Brain cortex concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E were lower in the exposed group than in controls, though these concentrations were increased by selenium and L-carnitine supplementation. L-carnitine appeared to have a more protective effect on vitamin concentrations than selenium.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Ulukaya E, Uzunlar AK, Ocak AR · 2009
The study used 31 Wistar Albino adult male rats, with the exposed group having their heads placed in a carousel and exposed to 900 MHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day, 7 days a week, for 10 months. The apoptosis score in exposed rats was significantly lower than in both the sham group and the cage control group. Total antioxidant capacity and catalase were higher in the exposed group than in the sham group, while the oxidative stress index showed no significant difference between those groups. The protein p53 was not significantly changed by the exposure.
Luukkonen J et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation at 5 W/kg for 1 hour, combined with menadione, a chemical that induces intracellular ROS production and DNA damage. Continuous-wave RF radiation increased DNA breakage compared to cells exposed only to menadione, and ROS levels were higher at 30 and 60 minutes after exposure ended. No effects of the GSM signal were seen on either ROS production or DNA damage.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effects of 50-GHz microwave radiation on the brain of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed for 2 hours a day for 45 days continuously at a power level of 0.86 μW/cm2. Exposed rats showed DNA double-strand breaks and a significant decrease in GPx and SOD activity in brain cells, while catalase activity showed a significant increase compared with control. PKC decreased significantly in the whole brain and hippocampus of the exposed group.
Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. · 2009
Researchers investigated whether bee venom could protect against DNA damage caused by 915-MHz microwave radiation in Wistar rat lymphocytes. Whole blood lymphocytes were treated with 1 μg/mL bee venom before irradiation, and comet assays were used to assess basal and oxidative DNA damage. Bee venom showed a decrease in DNA damage compared with irradiated samples, and was found to have a radioprotective effect against both basal and oxidative DNA damage.
De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. · 2009
Researchers exposed purified human spermatozoa in vitro to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation tuned to 1.8 GHz across a range of specific absorption rates from 0.4 W/kg to 27.5 W/kg. As the SAR increased, sperm motility and vitality were significantly reduced, while mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and DNA fragmentation were significantly elevated (P<0.001). The researchers also observed highly significant relationships between SAR, the oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-OH-dG, and DNA fragmentation after exposure.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to 1 mT, 50 Hz ELF-EMF for different lengths of time and compared them with unexposed control cells. Cell growth and viability were evaluated by cell count and trypan blue exclusion. Significantly increased growth rates were observed after 48 hours of EMF exposure compared with control cells, while no difference in cell viabilities was detected. Gene expression and release of RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha and IL-8 were significantly reduced after 72 hours of exposure. NF-kappaB levels became almost undetectable after only 1 hour of EMF exposure and were inversely correlated with cell density.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed Escherichia coli ATCC 700926 to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mT and compared them with sham-exposed controls. Exposed and control samples had similar total and culturable counts. Exposed samples showed increased cell viability after 24 hours of re-incubation outside the solenoid. Exposure for 20–120 minutes caused significant morphological changes including coccoid cells and atypical lengthened forms. DNA fingerprinting showed no changes, while RNA-AFLP analysis revealed some differences at each field intensity.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells to ELF-EMF at 3 mT and 60 Hz and measured cellular collagen as a marker of differentiation. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased collagen content in the cells. Inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 suppressed the ELF-EMF-induced collagen increase, while inhibiting the PI3K pathway with LY294002 accelerated it. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 reduced collagen in all conditions but did not block the ELF-EMF effect.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers evaluated the hormetic effect of non-thermal repetitive electromagnetic field shock (50MHz/0.5W) on primary human T lymphocytes and fibroblast cell lines. REMFS extended the total number of population doublings of mouse fibroblasts and contributed to youthful morphology of cells near their replicative lifespan. REMFS also enhanced cellular defenses of human T cells as reflected in lower cell mortality when compared to non-treated T cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that REMFS increased HSF1 phosphorylation, enhanced HSF1-DNA binding, and improved Hsp70 expression relative to non-REMFS-treated cells.
Unknown authors · 2008
The review examines physical principles for assessing radiofrequency interactions with biological systems at exposures up to endogenous electric field levels. It finds possible demodulation at membrane barriers for frequencies up to 10 MHz but not at higher frequencies. Molecular vibrational modes are too overdamped by water for excitation below the far infrared. Two mechanisms may plausibly affect biology: radical-pair reaction shifts below approximately 150 MHz and dielectric and resistive heating at all frequencies.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed V79 cells to 935 MHz continuous wave UHF radiation at 8.2 V/cm and 0.12 W/kg SAR for 1, 2, and 3 hours. Microtubule structure was assessed by immunocytochemistry and cell growth was measured by cell counts over five post-exposure days. Microtubule structure was clearly altered after 3 hours of exposure compared to controls (p<0.05). Cell growth was significantly decreased in cells exposed for 3 hours, measured three days after irradiation (p<0.05).
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed murine L929 fibroblasts to 872 MHz continuous wave or pulse modulated RF radiation at 5 W/kg. They measured ornithine decarboxylase activity after 1- and 24-hour exposures, proliferation during 48 hours after 24-hour exposure, and caspase-3 activity after 1-hour exposure. The cells responded to fresh medium and serum deprivation, but no consistent effects of RF radiation were found. One statistically significant difference in ODC activity (p=0.03) was observed but considered a chance finding due to multiple comparisons and lack of support from other data. The results did not support effects on the endpoints studied, and stressed or stimulated cells were not more sensitive than normal cells to RF radiation.
Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2008
Researchers aimed to evaluate the effects of varied 50 Hz electric field exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in guinea pig brain homogenates. Guinea pigs were exposed to electric fields ranging from 2 to 5 kV/m for three days, eight hours per day, in both vertical and horizontal directions. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and sham groups in lipid peroxidation levels or enzyme activities at any field strength or direction. Comparisons between vertical and horizontal exposure directions also showed no significant differences.
Roux D et al. · 2008
Researchers investigated the role of extracellular ATP in plant responses to high-frequency, low-amplitude electromagnetic fields. Exposure to low-level 900 MHz EMF evoked accumulation of stress-related transcripts and affected ATP levels. ATP concentration dropped 27% after 30 minutes of exposure, and adenylate energy charge decreased by 18%. The authors discuss whether this reflects increased energy usage or a signaling function for ATP in stress physiology.
Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. · 2008
Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups based on daily cell phone use: no use, less than 2 hours, 2 to 4 hours, and more than 4 hours. Comparisons of mean sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology among the four groups were statistically significant. The decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality.
Devrim E et al. · 2008
EMR exposure increased MDA, XO, and GSH-Px activities in erythrocytes compared with controls. In kidney tissue, EMR increased MDA and CAT activities but decreased XO and ADA activities. In heart tissue, EMR decreased MDA, ADA, and XO activities. Vitamin C seems to make partial protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes.
Raggi F, Vallesi G, Rufini S, Gizzi S, Ercolani E, Rossi R · 2008
The study examined the effects of an ELF magnetic therapy device (Seqex) on oxidative scale in humans. Thirty-two healthy volunteers were treated using the Seqex cycle. Oxidative stress was measured by MDA concentrations in peripheral blood at three time points: before, after, and one month after the treatment cycle. Mean MDA decreased by 53.8% at the end of treatment and remained 15.6% below baseline one month later.
Koh EK, Ryu BK, Jeong DY, Bang IS, Nam MH, Chae KS · 2008
Researchers examined the effects of power frequency magnetic fields on cell growth in DU145, PC3, and LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro. The cells were exposed to various intensities and durations of 60-Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields with various serum concentrations. MF exposure induced significant cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in an intensity- and time-dependent manner, with increased cell cycle arrest, cleaved Caspase-3, and reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment with a Caspase-3 inhibitor or the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly attenuated the magnetic field-induced growth inhibition and cell death. Media replacement experiments did not alter the magnetic field effects.
Roux D et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed tomato plants to 900 MHz, 5 V m(-1) electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes using a Mode Stirred Reverberation Chamber. Within minutes, stress-related mRNAs for calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and proteinase inhibitor accumulated in a rapid, large, three-phase pattern typical of an environmental stress response. Transcript accumulation was maximal at normal calcium levels, depressed at higher calcium, and completely suppressed when calcium was removed with chelators or channel blockers. Thirty minutes after exposure, ATP concentration and adenylate energy charge transiently decreased, and the uncoupler CCCP prevented transcript accumulation entirely.
Millenbaugh NJ et al. · 2008
Rats were exposed to 35 GHz millimeter waves at 75 mW/cm(2), 42 degrees C heat, or sham, with skin collected at 6 and 24 h for gene expression and at 3-6 h or 24-48 h for histopathology. Microscopic examination showed neutrophil aggregation in vessels, stromal cell degeneration, and collagen breakdown in the dermis of exposed rats. Changes were detected in 56 genes at 6 h and 58 genes at 24 h in millimeter-wave-exposed rats. Affected genes included those for transcription regulation, protein folding, oxidative stress, immune response, and tissue matrix turnover at both times, with more extracellular matrix and chemokine genes altered at 24 h. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed up-regulation of Hspa1a, Timp1, S100a9, Ccl2, and Angptl4 at 24 h.
Höytö A, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2008
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and mouse L929 fibroblast cells to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 5 W/kg, using either continuous waves or a GSM-modulated signal. Two statistically significant differences related to RF radiation were found: t-BOOH-induced lipid peroxidation was increased in SH-SY5Y cells, and menadione-induced caspase 3 activity was increased in L929 cells, but both only for the GSM-modulated signal. No other endpoints were significantly affected, and no effects were observed from RF radiation exposure alone.
Yokus B, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Cakir DU, Kizil M · 2008
Levels of FapyAde, FapyGua, and 8OHdG were increased at both intensities compared to cage-control and sham groups, but statistical significance was observed only in the group exposed to 100 μT. The researchers noted that the intensity of ELF-MF has an important influence on the extent of DNA damage.
