Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, Aboul Ezz HS, Salama NA · 2017
Researchers exposed adult rats to EMR at a frequency of 900 MHz modulated at 217 Hz, with a power density of 0.02 mW/cm2 and SAR of 1.245 W/kg, and measured oxidative stress parameters in the hippocampus and striatum. EMR exposure produced disturbances in oxidant and antioxidant parameters in both brain regions. Green tea mega EGCG given at the beginning of EMR exposure for two and three months had more beneficial effect against EMR-induced oxidative stress than EGCG given after two months of exposure.
Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Zhang H, Sun Y, Sun C · 2017
Researchers enrolled 186 male workers with occupational exposure to high-voltage electricity lines and 154 male subjects with insignificant exposure as a reference control. Resveratrol or placebo was given as dietary supplements at 500 mg twice daily, and inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Workers who had long-term exposure to high-voltage electricity lines showed elevated urinary levels of 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostane compared to the reference group. Resveratrol significantly reversed the adverse impacts of ELF-EMF, and stimulated cytokine production by resveratrol was found in exposed workers but not in the reference group.
Zeng Y, Shen Y, Hong L, Chen Y, Shi X, Zeng Q, Yu P · 2017
Researchers evaluated the biological effects of different patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on primary cultured hippocampal neurons, looking at viability, apoptosis, genomic instability, and oxidative stress. Repeated exposure to a 50-Hz 2-mT field for 8 hours per day decreased cell viability and increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The researchers noted that none of the repeated exposure patterns had significant effects on DNA damage, apoptosis, or autophagy, suggesting no severe biological consequences in the cultured neurons.
Solek P et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated the effects of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic fields on two mouse spermatogenic cell lines, GC-1 spg and GC-2 spd, in vitro. The researchers evaluated mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, proliferation rate, viability, cell cycle progression, oxidative stress balance, and regulatory proteins. The results strongly suggested that EMF induced oxidative and nitrosative stress-mediated DNA damage, resulting in p53/p21-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The researchers concluded that electromagnetic field impairs male fertility by inducing p53/p21-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Pooam M, Nakayama M, Nishigaki C, Miyata H · 2017
Researchers exposed RAW264 macrophage cells to a 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at 0.1 mT or 0.5 mT and measured superoxide production, HSP70 expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The magnetic field enhanced production of superoxide and the expression of HSP70. The researchers suggested that the 50-Hz magnetic field diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, which led to increased superoxide production and HSP70 expression.
Naarala J et al. · 2017
Researchers studied how the direction of combined static and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields affected cell proliferation and superoxide radical production. Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was stimulated by a nearly vertical 60 or 120 μT static magnetic field compared with cells that were shielded against magnetic fields. When the static field was combined with an extremely low frequency ELF field, proliferation was suppressed by a horizontal but not by a vertical ELF field.
Miao X et al. · 2017
Researchers conducted a preclinical randomized study using 3-week-old male BALB/c mice repeatedly exposed to electromagnetic pulses at a peak intensity of 200 kV/m, 5 days per week for four consecutive weeks. Some mice also received daily co-administration of selenium-rich Cordyceps fungi at 100 mg/kg. Mice exposed without Cordyceps showed decreased sperm formation, shrunk seminiferous tubule diameters, and diminished antioxidative capacity at 28 and 60 days after exposure. Daily Cordyceps co-treatment alleviated the testicular damage, increased sperm formation, and reduced apoptotic spermatogenic cells.
Medina-Fernandez FJ et al. · 2017
Researchers injected rats with a single dose of 150 μg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG, fragment 35–55) to produce experimental multiple sclerosis. The MOG injection caused motor symptoms such as tail paralysis and limb paresis/paralysis, along with oxidative stress and cell death similar to MS. Rats were then treated with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields applied as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at 60 Hz and 0.7 mT for 2 hours a day, once a day, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. The researchers found that TMS attenuated motor symptoms and oxidative and cell damage, and also increased the antioxidant system.
Kim SJ et al. · 2017
Researchers examined the effects of 60 Hz 0.8 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on a macrophage cell line called RAW 264.7. Under ELF-EMF exposure, production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased, and the expression of those genes was also upregulated. Cell proliferation was not altered by ELF-EMF exposure. The researchers suggest that ELF-EMF amplifies inflammatory responses through enhanced macrophage activation and can decrease the effectiveness of antioxidants.
Kamalipooya S et al. · 2017
Researchers studied the effects of combining a static magnetic field (SMF) with the anticancer drug cisplatin on oxidative stress in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and normal skin fibroblast cells (Hu02). Cells were exposed to SMF intensities of 7, 10, and 15 mT for 24 and 48 hours, and cytotoxic effects were measured using reactive oxygen species content and membrane lipid peroxidation. The combination of both treatments for 48 hours led to a marked decrease in HeLa cell viability of about 89% compared to untreated cells. The study suggests that among the optional intensities of SMF tested, the intensity of 10 mT led to higher damage to cancer cells at lower doses of the drug.
Höytö A, Herrala M, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2017
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field with or without a non-phototoxic level of blue light for 24 hours. The magnetic field increased cytosolic superoxide production, while blue light suppressed that effect. Mitochondrial superoxide production was reduced by both the magnetic field and blue light, but these effects were not additive. Micronucleus frequency was not affected by blue light or the magnetic field alone, but blue light, significantly when combined with the magnetic field, enhanced menadione-induced micronuclei.
Hanini R, Chatti A, Ghorbel SB, Landoulsi A. · 2017
Researchers studied the protective role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) against a static magnetic field of 200 mT in wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lacking one or both SOD enzymes. Inactivation of the sodM and/or sodB genes increased the sensitivity of the bacteria to stress from the static magnetic field. Mutant strains also showed significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative damage to lipids, compared to wild-type cells.
Giorgi G et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed human neural cells (BE(2)C) to an extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field (50 Hz, 1 mT) for 24 and 48 hours, alone and combined with oxidative stress, to study DNA methylation changes. Exposure to the magnetic field alone or oxidative stress alone produced only weak changes in DNA methylation levels at different CpG sites. When the two exposures were combined, a significant decrease in DNA methylation levels was found at different CpG sites, and most of those changes were transient.
Falone S et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether a 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF magnetic field promoted hyperproliferation and improved defence against reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The field activated antioxidant and detoxification pathways linked to more aggressive cell behavior, along with upregulation of major sirtuins and increased NRF2 signaling. Exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field as low as 100 µT may still be able to alter cancer cell behavior and responses to clinically relevant drugs.
Dornelles EB et al. · 2017
Researchers tested the in vitro cytotoxic effects of a 5 mT static magnetic field on human blood cells carrying different variants of the Val16Ala polymorphism in the manganese superoxide dismutase gene. Cytotoxic effects were observed in AA cells at all exposure times, while AV cells showed higher mortality only after 6 hours, and higher apoptosis induction was seen in AA cells compared to VV and AV cells. The authors suggest the results indicate a toxicogenetic effect of the static magnetic field related to an imbalance in SOD2 activity.
Djordjevic NZ, Paunović MG, Peulić AS · 2017
Researchers investigated whether short-term exposure to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz could produce anxiety-like behaviour in rats through changes in hypothalamic oxidative stress and nitric oxide. Ten adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into a control group with no exposure and an experimental group exposed to the field during 7 days, after which open field and elevated plus maze tests measured anxiety-like behaviour. The exposed rats showed anxiety-like behaviour and higher concentrations of superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the hypothalamus, while peroxynitrite concentration was not affected.
Cichoń N, Bijak M, Miller E, Saluk J. · 2017
Researchers investigated the effect of ELF-EMF on clinical and antioxidant status in post-stroke patients. Fifty-seven patients were divided into two groups: ELF-EMF and non-ELF-EMF, and both groups underwent the same 4-week rehabilitation program. The ELF-EMF group was additionally exposed to a field of 40 Hz, 7 mT for 15 min/day for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. ELF-EMF significantly increased enzymatic antioxidant activity, though total antioxidant status levels did not change in either group.
Calcabrini C et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether ELF-EMF exposure causes significant cell damage in human keratinocytes, to support potential ELF-EMF use in regenerative medicine for skin injuries. Reactive oxygen species production was evaluated in human keratinocytes exposed for 1 H to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at field strengths from 0.25 to 2 G, and significant ROS increases resulted at 0.5 and 1 G. All significant alterations observed in the first 4 H of exposure reverted to controls 24 H after, and the exposure did not have a cytotoxic effect.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers conducted a long-term field monitoring study from 2006 to 2015 in Bamberg and Hallstadt, Germany, to examine the connection between unusual tree damage and radiofrequency exposure. They measured radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 144 locations and interpolated the points to compile an electromagnetic map of power flux density, and selected 60 damaged trees, 30 randomly selected trees, and 30 trees in low radiation areas for comparison. Measurements showed significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and trees in low radiation areas showed no damage.
Paknahad M, Mortazavi SM, Shahidi S, Mortazavi G, Haghani M · 2016
Researchers prepared class V cavities in 20 extracted human premolars and randomly divided them into two groups of 10. The experimental group was exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 20 minutes at a distance of 30 cm while the router communicated with a laptop 20 meters away. Mercury concentration in artificial saliva was significantly higher in the exposed group (0.056 ± .025 mg/L) than in the control group (0.026 ± .008 mg/L) (P =0.009).
Yakymenko et al · 2016
The review analyzed peer-reviewed scientific literature on oxidative effects of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation in living cells. The analysis revealed significant activation of reactive oxygen species pathways, peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity. The authors concluded that low-intensity RFR is an expressive oxidative agent with high pathogenic potential and that oxidative stress should be recognized as a primary mechanism of its biological activity.
Unknown authors · 2016
The study randomized 867 workers with or without exposure to 110-420 kV power lines into green tea polyphenol or placebo groups. Urinary 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG were measured to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage. Exposed workers had significantly higher levels of both markers, which decreased after 12 months of supplementation. The protective effect was lost three months after stopping supplementation.
Reale M et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 50 Hz/1 mT ELF-EMF for short (1h-3h) and sub-chronic (48 h) periods. Exposed cells showed an increased intracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine ratio reflecting transmitter synthesis, catabolism, and release. Matrix metalloproteinases involved in neuronal cell death were not significantly altered. The balance between reactive oxygen species generation and elimination, and between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, was maintained. The changes were minor compared to damage expected to underlie neurodegeneration or cognitive impairment.
Vian A, Davies E, Gendraud M, Bonnet P. · 2016
The review identifies exposure devices and illustrates plant responses at cellular, molecular, and whole-plant scales. Low-power high-frequency EMF modifies numerous metabolic activities, alters gene expression, and reduces growth. These changes occur systemically in distant tissues, not only in directly exposed tissues.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour each day during days 13 to 21 of pregnancy. At 60 days old, offspring showed higher apoptotic index, greater DNA oxidation levels, and lower sperm motility and vitality compared to controls. Histopathological examination revealed immature germ cells in seminiferous tubule lumen and altered seminiferous tubule epithelium and structure. TUNEL staining showed nuclear changes indicating apoptosis with large numbers of apoptotic cells in most seminiferous tubule epithelium.
