Safian F et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse 2-cell embryos to EMF (900–1800 MHz) for 30 minutes per day over four days and compared them with unexposed controls. The rate of embryo survival to the blastocyst stage was similar in both groups. However, the percentage of dead embryos at the 2-cell stage was significantly higher in the EMF-exposed group, and loss of cell viability significantly increased in experimental blastocysts.
Paik MJ, Kim HS, Lee YS, Do Choi H, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH · 2016
Researchers performed metabolomic analysis of urinary polyamines from rats exposed to 915 MHz RFID signals for 8 h/day for 2 weeks using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total polyamine levels and eight specific polyamines decreased after both sham and RFID exposure compared to before exposure, while N(1)-acetylspermine increased significantly in both groups. N(1)-acetylspermine rose 54% after RFID exposure versus 17% in the sham group.
Oster S et al. · 2016
Researchers developed and characterized a flexible experimental setup based on a transverse electromagnetic waveguide for controlled, reproducible exposure of developing neuronal networks in vitro. The Stripline showed very good performance in the 800-1000 MHz band, with simulations indicating uniform specific absorption rate values of 361.7 ± 11.4 mW/kg at 1 W, 900 MHz across a large exposure area. Thermal drift during exposure did not exceed 0.1 K in the cellular medium. Embryonic rat cortical neurons were cultured on microelectrode array chips for non-invasive electrophysiological assessment over several weeks, demonstrating the system's reliability for long-term studies.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour each day during days 13 to 21 of pregnancy. At 60 days old, offspring showed higher apoptotic index, greater DNA oxidation levels, and lower sperm motility and vitality compared to controls. Histopathological examination revealed immature germ cells in seminiferous tubule lumen and altered seminiferous tubule epithelium and structure. TUNEL staining showed nuclear changes indicating apoptosis with large numbers of apoptotic cells in most seminiferous tubule epithelium.
López-Furelos A et al. · 2016
Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten. Twenty-four hours after exposure, HSP 90 and HSP 70 levels differed between cerebral hemispheres at high SAR, while caspase-3 did not. In cerebellar hemispheres, single RF exposure at high SAR altered HSP 90, HSP 70, and caspase-3 compared with controls. The combined signals did not produce additive effects on absorbed energy or biological outcomes.
Kuybulu AE et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats pre- and post-natally to 2.45 GHz wireless electromagnetic fields. The study included pre-natal, post-natal, and sham exposure groups. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal groups, and tubular injury was detected in most post-natal specimens. Pre-natal exposure showed low Bax and high Bcl-2 staining in kidney cortex and medulla, with higher Bcl2/Bax ratios than sham.
Erkut A et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats were exposed to 1800 MHz electromagnetic field for six, 12, or 24 hours daily for 20 days, and offspring were evaluated at 60 days after birth. Increasing prenatal exposure duration significantly reduced resting cartilage levels and increased apoptotic chondrocytes and myocytes. Calcineurin activity decreased in bone and muscle, and femur, tibia, and ulna development was impaired, especially with 24-hour daily exposure.
Sales PM, de Andrade LM, Pitcher MR, Rola FH, Gondim FA. · 2016
Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five subgroups of five animals each, receiving either no drug, Levodopa plus Benserazide for two or seven days, or Haloperidol for two days, and were exposed to sham then real cervicothoracic rEMS. In drug-free rats, rEMS reduced walking and increased cornering duration. Levodopa plus Benserazide pretreatment for two or seven days caused an additional decrease in walking after rEMS, with the greatest reduction after seven days, and it abolished climbing while increasing cornering.
Rostami A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male rats to 3 Hz and 60 Hz ELF/EMF using a protocol of two cycles of 2 hours per day for four days with a two-day interval. Immediately after exposure, locomotor activity was significantly lower in both exposed groups compared with sham-exposed rats. The exposure did not change anxiety-like behavior or short-term memory over the following two weeks. Electrophysiological recording showed a significant reduction in locus coeruleus firing rate after two hours of exposure. Proteomic analysis indicated global changes in the whole brain proteome after treatment.
Ambalayam S, Jain S, Mathur R. · 2016
Researchers divided 44 male Wistar rats into groups including sham, spinal cord injury, injury with magnetic field exposure, ventromedial hypothalamus lesion, lesion after injury, and lesion after injury with magnetic field exposure. Magnetic field exposure improved the study parameters, reduced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ventromedial hypothalamus, reduced lesion volume, and increased myelination and neuronal regeneration at the injury site.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control, sham, and EMF groups. The EMF group received a 900-MHz field for one hour each day throughout adolescence while the sham group was placed in the same cage without exposure. The EMF-exposed rats had fewer pyramidal neurons, more pyknotic neurons, higher malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and lower catalase levels than the other groups.
Kerimoğlu G, Aslan A, Baş O, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. · 2016
Shehu A, Mohammed A, Magaji RA, Muhammad MS · 2016
Twenty five male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 5 animals each. The animals in groups II to V were exposed to a 10 min call consisting of 30 missed calls of 20 s each per day for 4 weeks. Open arm duration was significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared with the control. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in group IV and group V compared with the control.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Purkinje cell numbers in the cerebellum of 32-day-old female offspring were significantly lower in the EMF group compared to both control and sham groups. Pathological changes including pyknotic neurons with dark cytoplasm were observed in the EMF group.
Mugunthan N et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed 36 mice to 2G mobile phone radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days. Neuron density was significantly lower in the CA1, CA2, and DGDB regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month. Neuron density was significantly higher in the CA3 and DGVB regions of exposed mice. Nuclear diameter of neurons was lower in all studied hippocampal regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month.
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ · 2016
The study examined how radiofrequency radiation affects glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. RF exposure alone marginally affected cell proliferation but significantly increased glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Glutamate raised ROS levels and RF exposure further increased ROS production. NAC treatment completely abrogated glutamate- and RF-induced ROS production and cell death, restoring cell proliferation. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor restored cell proliferation.
İkinci A et al. · 2016
The study began with 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 3 weeks, divided equally into control, sham, and EMF exposure groups. EMF group rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. Biochemistry showed significantly increased malondialdehyde and glutathione in the EMF group versus control and sham, while catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher in both sham and EMF groups versus control. Light microscopy revealed spinal cord atrophy, vacuolization, myelin thickening, and perikarya irregularities in the EMF group. Transmission electron microscopy showed loss of myelin sheath integrity, invagination into the axon, and broad vacuoles in axoplasm.
Choi Y-J, Choi Y-S · 2016
Male mice were exposed for 9 weeks and female mice for 11 weeks to smartphone electromagnetic radiation. Spatial working memory was tested with a Y maze and hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation was measured using BrdU labeling. After 9 weeks there was no significant difference in spontaneous alternation scores or hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation between exposed and control mice.
Valbonesi P, Franzellitti S, Bersani F, Contin A, Fabbri E. · 2016
Researchers exposed rat PC12 cells to a 1.8 GHz 217-GSM signal at 2 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. AChE enzyme activity was measured by Ellman's method, mRNA by real-time PCR, and protein by Western blotting. AChE enzymatic activity increased 1.4-fold in exposed cells, while mRNA and protein expression were not affected. The authors report this as the first evidence of RF-EMF effects on AChE activity in mammalian cells at this SAR.
Stasinopoulou M et al. · 2016
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2016
The study investigated the effects of radiofrequency radiation from GSM mobile phones on insulin release in rats. RF radiation did not alter insulin release in the rats. Mild to severe inflammatory changes in the portal spaces of the liver and damage to the cells of the islet of Langerhans were observed. The changes were linked to the duration of exposure.
He Q, Sun Y, Zong L, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm(2) power intensity for 3 hours/day for 5 days. The study measured PARP-1 mRNA and protein levels at multiple time points after exposure using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Cells exposed to radiofrequency fields showed significantly increased PARP-1 mRNA and protein levels, while sham-exposed cells did not show such changes.
Sun C, Wei X, Fei Y, Su L, Zhao X, Chen G, Xu Z. · 2016
Researchers compared the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMF exposure on genomic DNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts with proficient (Atm+/+) or deficient (Atm−/−) ATM. In Atm+/+ cells, exposure for 1 hour at an average special absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg induced significant DNA single-strand breaks and activated the SSB repair mechanism. That repair effect reduced DNA damage to less than background levels after 36 hours of exposure. In Atm−/− cells, the same RF-EMF exposure for 12 hours induced both SSBs and double-strand breaks and activated the two repair processes, also reducing damage below the control level after prolonged exposure. The researchers described this as the first reported hormesis-like effect of an RF-EMF.
Ji Y, He Q, Sun Y, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016
Researchers preexposed mouse bone-marrow stromal cells to 900-MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day for 5 days, then exposed some cells to 1.5 Gy gamma radiation. Radiofrequency exposure alone produced no significant differences in DNA strand breaks compared to control cells. When radiofrequency preexposure was followed by gamma radiation, the number of DNA strand breaks was significantly decreased and repair was faster compared to gamma radiation alone.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Shiri L, Alaei H, Naghdi N. · 2016
Researchers investigated the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) at 10 Hz and 690–720 μT on the level of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in adult male Wistar rats. A total of 24 adult Wistar male rats were exposed to the magnetic field for 15 successive days, after which 5-HIAA was measured from dialysate samples using high performance liquid chromatography. Exposure for 3 hours daily decreased 5-HIAA in the raphe nucleus, but exposure for 1 hour daily was not effective in altering the level of 5-HIAA.
