Aydin B, Akar A. · 2011
Researchers exposed immature and mature rats to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field for 2 hours per day for 45 days and measured oxidative stress in lymphoid organs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and plasma. Antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione levels in lymphoid organs, and the antioxidant capacity of plasma decreased after exposure, while lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide levels, and myeloperoxidase activity increased. Improvements seen after a recovery period were limited, especially in immature rats, and oxidative damage was described as tissue specific.
Amara S et al. · 2011
Researchers studied the effects of co-exposure to a static magnetic field (SMF) and cadmium on antioxidant enzyme activity and DNA integrity in rat brain. Cadmium exposure alone reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, including GPx, CAT, and SOD, in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and increased markers of oxidative damage. When SMF (128 mT, 1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days) was combined with cadmium, SOD activity and glutathione levels in the frontal cortex fell further compared with the cadmium-only group, and MDA concentration also increased further. SMF exposure did not alter DNA oxidation levels in cadmium-exposed rats.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. · 2011
The study investigated the effect of mobile phone exposure on fertility-related markers in 70-day-old male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed in Plexiglas cages for 2 hours a day for 35 days, with a specific absorption rate estimated at 0.9 W/kg. In exposed rats, antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase decreased, while malondialdehyde and free radical generation increased significantly. The researchers concluded that radiofrequency electromagnetic waves from commercially available cell phones might affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
Esmekaya MA, Ozer C, Seyhan N · 2011
Researchers exposed male Wistar albino rats to 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a SAR of 1.20 W/kg for 20 minutes per day over three weeks to investigate oxidative damage in multiple tissues. MDA and NOx levels were significantly increased in liver, lung, testis, and heart tissues of the exposed group compared to sham and control groups, while GSH levels were significantly lower in exposed rat tissues. No significant difference was observed between the sham and control groups.
Chen YB, Li J, Liu JY, Zeng LH, Wan Y, Li YR, Ren D, Guo GZ. · 2011
Researchers exposed male BALB/c mice to electromagnetic pulses at a peak intensity of 400 kV/m for a total of 200 pulses, then measured associative learning, oxidative stress in the brain, and serum chemistry. Associative learning was reduced significantly at 12 hours and 1 day after exposure compared with sham control, but recovered at 2 days post exposure. Lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence intensity in brain tissue increased significantly, while activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly, at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 1 d post EMP exposure, with all parameters recovering at 2 days. Pretreatment with TMG showed protective effects against EMP exposure.
Zeng L et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to electromagnetic pulse irradiation at 100 kV/m peak-to-peak electric field intensity to observe effects on the reproductive system. Sperm morphology, micronucleus formation rate, sperm number, and viability were not affected, but the acrosin reaction rate decreased at 24 h and 48 h and recovered by 72 h after irradiation. Enzymatic activities of T-SOD and MnSOD were reduced by 24 h, MDA content increased at 6 h, and serum LH and testosterone levels were elevated in irradiated rats compared to controls. The researchers suggested that the mechanism of EMP-induced damage may be associated with inhibition of MnSOD expression.
Ghodbane S et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male adult rats to a static magnetic field (128 mT, 1 hour per day for 5 days) and examined antioxidant enzymes and selenium levels in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain. Static magnetic field exposure decreased selenium levels in kidney, muscle, and brain, and decreased GPx activity in kidney and muscle. In the liver, static magnetic field exposure increased total GSH levels and total SOD activities, while glutathione reductase activity was unaffected. Selenium supplementation restored selenium levels and GPx activity in kidney and muscle, but did not bring down the elevated GSH and SOD levels in liver.
Ghodbane S et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male adult rats to a static magnetic field (128 mT, 1 hour per day for 5 consecutive days) and measured antioxidant vitamins and markers of oxidative stress in plasma. SMF exposure increased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity by 35%, while alpha-tocopherol fell by 67% and retinol fell by 41%. SMF exposure did not alter plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive species, total thiol groups, or selenium concentrations. Pre-treatment with selenium was associated with improved antioxidant capacities in the SMF-exposed rats.
Shin EJ, Nguyen XK, Nguyen TT, Pham DT, Kim HC. · 2011
Researchers examined whether repeated extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure induces fos-related antigen immunoreactivity in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of mice. Exposure at 0.3 or 2.4 mT for 1 hour per day over fourteen consecutive days significantly induced hyperlocomotor activity and fos-related antigen immunoreactivity in a field intensity-dependent manner. The fos-related antigen immunoreactivity lasted for at least 1 year, while locomotor activity returned near control level 3 months after the final exposure.
Frilot C 2nd, Carrubba S, Marino AA. · 2011
Researchers exposed rats to a 2.5-G, 60-Hz magnetic field and used positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose to identify brain regions where glucose uptake changed. Increased glucose utilization occurred in hindbrain voxels when the field was applied orthogonally to the sagittal plane, but not when the angle between the field and the sagittal plane varied randomly. Distinct activation effects were observed in response to transient and steady-state magnetic stimuli.
Chu LY et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated whether extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) induces lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in mouse cerebellum. After exposure to 60 Hz ELF-MF at 2.3 mT intensity for 3 hours, malondialdehyde and hydroxyl radical levels increased significantly. The researchers concluded that ELF-MF may induce oxidative stress in mouse cerebellum, though the mechanism remains to be characterized.
Sirav B, Seyhan N · 2011
Researchers exposed male and female Wistar albino rats to 0.9 and 1.8 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency radiation for 20 minutes to investigate effects on blood-brain barrier permeability. A significant increase in albumin was found in the brains of the RF-exposed male rats when compared to sham-exposed male brains. In female rats, no albumin extravasation was found in the brain after RFR exposure. The researchers noted that these results suggest that exposure at levels below the international limits can affect vascular permeability in the brain of male rats.
Ntzouni MP, Stamatakis A, Stylianopoulou F, Margaritis LH. · 2011
Researchers studied the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on a non-spatial memory task called the Object Recognition Task in mice. Three groups of mice were tested under three different radiation exposure protocols, with a SAR value of 0.22 W/kg. Results revealed a major effect on the "chronic exposure-I" protocol, suggesting a possible severe interaction of EMF with the consolidation phase of recognition memory processes.
Masuda H et al. · 2011
The study aimed to detect reproducible responses to local radiofrequency exposure in the parietal cortex of anesthetized rats and to determine their dependence on exposure intensity. The target cortex tissue was locally exposed to 2-GHz RF using a figure-eight loop antenna at averaged specific absorption rates of 10.5, 40.3, 130, and 263 W/kg. All measured parameters except calf hypodermis temperature increased significantly in exposed animals compared with sham-exposed ones during 18-min exposures. The local cerebral blood flow elevation seemed to be driven by the rise in target temperature, but not by rectal temperature, in the early part of RF exposure or at low-intensity RF exposure.
Liu ML, Wen JQ, Fan YB. · 2011
Researchers investigated whether green tea polyphenols could protect cultured rat cortical neurons from injury caused by 1800 MHz electromagnetic field exposure from a mobile phone. Mobile phone irradiation for 24 hours induced marked neuronal cell death, as measured by MTT and TUNEL assays. Green tea polyphenols significantly inhibited the radiation-induced increases in active Bax, while total Bax levels showed no marked changes.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. · 2011
Researchers exposed 35-day old Wistar rats to a mobile phone for 2 hours per day for 45 days at a specific absorption rate of 0.9 W/Kg. Animals were divided into a sham exposed group and an exposed group, each with 6 animals. The exposed group showed a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and a significant increase in reactive oxygen species. The researchers concluded that these findings on biomarkers are clear indications of possible health implications.
Dragicevic N et al. · 2011
Researchers evaluated brain mitochondrial function in aged Alzheimer's transgenic mice and normal littermates following one month of daily EMF exposure. In the transgenic mice, EMF treatment enhanced brain mitochondrial function by 50-150% across six established measures, with the greatest effects in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. EMF treatment also increased brain mitochondrial function in normal aged mice, though the enhancement was not as robust or widespread as in the transgenic mice. The researchers suggested that brain mitochondrial enhancement may be a primary mechanism through which EMF treatment provides cognitive benefit to both transgenic and normal mice.
Carballo-Quintás M et al. · 2011
Researchers studied the effects of acute 900 MHz GSM radiation exposure on neurotoxic biomarkers c-fos and GFAP in rats also treated with picrotoxin, a seizure-promoting agent. Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent immunochemical testing to measure c-fos induction after 90 minutes and 24 hours, and GFAP 72 hours after acute exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field. The results indicated that c-fos and glial markers were triggered by the combined stress of non-thermal irradiation and the toxic effect of picrotoxin on brain tissue.
Trosić I et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation with GSM modulation at a whole-body average SAR of 0.6 W/kg for one hour per day, seven days per week over two weeks. A comet assay was used to assess DNA damage, measuring tail length and tail intensity. Tail length notably differed in liver and kidney homogenates of exposed animals compared to sham controls, and the tail was slightly elongated in irradiated animals' brain cells. The results suggest that repeated 915 MHz irradiation could be a cause of DNA breaks in renal and liver cells, but did not affect the cell genome at a higher extent compared to basal damage.
Unknown authors · 2010
Rats were pre-exposed two times to a 14 T static magnetic field for 30 min on two consecutive days and on the third day given access to a novel 0.125% saccharin prior to a third 30-min exposure. Pre-exposed rats showed less locomotor circling and an attenuated conditioned taste aversion compared to sham-exposed rats. Rearing was suppressed in all magnet-exposed groups regardless of pre-exposure, suggesting that the suppression of rearing is more sensitive than other behavioral responses to magnet exposure.
Unknown authors · 2010
The pEMF plasmid was electrotransferred into the quadriceps muscles of BALB/c mice. Mice exposed to the EMFs for 2 hours daily over 7 days showed increased luciferase expression compared with controls (P<0.05).
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed female NMRI mice to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT ELF-EMF for 4 hours per day, 6 days a week for 2 weeks. The exposed mice had significantly fewer flushed blastocysts than controls. Fallopian tube epithelial cell height increased significantly in exposed mice, while endometrial epithelial cell height showed an insignificant increase.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers induced diabetes in male Wistar rats with streptozocin and created a full-thickness dermal incision. The wound was exposed to ELF PEMF at 20 Hz, 4 ms, 8 mT for one hour per day. Healing rate was significantly greater in diabetic rats receiving PEMF compared to diabetic controls. Wound tensile strength was also significantly greater in PEMF-treated animals. Even non-diabetic control rats receiving PEMF healed faster than sham-exposed controls.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers used 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three groups of ten: two groups exposed to 100 microT or 500 microT ELF-MF for 10 months, 2 hours per day, and a sham-exposed control group. Rats exposed to 100 microT showed a significantly smaller femoral cross-sectional area than both sham and 500 microT groups, and cortical thickness was significantly reduced in both exposed groups compared with sham. Maximum load increased in both 100 microT and 500 microT groups relative to sham, while femur length, displacement, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, elastic modulus, and toughness did not differ significantly.
