EMF Research Studies

Lymphoma development in mice chronically exposed to UMTS-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.

Sommer AM, Bitz AK, Streckert J, Hansen VW, Lerchl A · 2007

GSM and DCS wireless communication signals: combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study in the Wistar Rat.

Smith P, Kuster N, Ebert S, Chevalier HJ · 2007

Researchers exposed 1170 Han Wistar rats to GSM or DCS signals at three nominal SARs of 0.44, 1.33 and 4.0 W/kg for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 104 weeks. No significant differences were found in primary neoplasm incidence, multiplicity, latency, metastases, or benign and malignant neoplasm counts between exposed and sham-exposed rats. The study included sham-exposed groups for each modulation and an unrestrained cage control group, with interim sacrifice at 52 weeks and terminal sacrifice at 104 weeks.

Lack of promoting effects of chronic exposure to 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signals for IMT-2000 cellular system on development of N-ethylnitrosourea-induced central nervous system tumors in F344 rats.

Shirai T et al. · 2007

Pregnant F344 rats received a single dose of ENU on gestational day 18. Rats were exposed to a 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signal for 90 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 104 weeks starting at 5 weeks of age. Brain average specific absorption rates were designed to be .67 and 2.0 W/kg for low and high exposures, respectively. The incidence and numbers of brain tumors in female rats exposed to 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signals showed tendencies to increase but without statistical significance, and overall no significant increase in incidences or numbers was detected in either males or females.

Effects of exposure of newborn patched1 heterozygous mice to GSM, 900 MHz.

Saran A et al. · 2007

Two hundred Ptc1+/- mice and wild-type siblings were enrolled, and newborns were exposed to 900 MHz radiation at 0.4 W/kg average SAR for 5 days, 0.5 hours twice daily, or sham exposed. GSM-simulated RF fields did not affect survival, with no statistically significant differences between exposed and sham groups. No effects were seen on cerebellar tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, or skin proliferative lesions.

Carcinogenicity Study of 217 Hz Pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields in pim1 transgenic mice.

Oberto G et al. · 2007

Researchers conducted an 18-month carcinogenicity study in Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz RF radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0.5, 1.4, or 4.0 W/kg. A total of 500 mice, 50 per sex per group, were exposed, sham-exposed, or used as cage controls, and the study was conducted blind. The study found no effect of the RF radiation on tumor incidence at any site and did not confirm the earlier report of increased lymphomas in Repacholi et al.

Effects of acute exposure to a 1439 MHz electromagnetic field on the microcirculatory parameters in rat brain.

Masuda H et al. · 2007

Researchers exposed rat heads to 1439 MHz RF-EMF for 10 minutes at three intensity doses of 0.6, 2.4, and 4.8 W/kg BASAR. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, plasma velocity, and vessel diameter using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of intravenously injected dyes from pial venules was found at any BASAR level. No significant changes in the number of endothelial-adhering leukocytes after exposure were found. Plasma velocities and vessel diameters remained constant within the physiological range throughout each exposure.

Effects of subchronic exposure to a 1439 MHz electromagnetic field on the microcirculatory parameters in rat brain.

Masuda H et al. · 2007

Researchers exposed the heads of rats for four weeks (60 min/day, 5 days/week) to RF-EMF at 2.4 W/kg of brain averaged specific absorption rate (BASAR). They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, and plasma velocity using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of dyes from pial venules was found, no significant changes in endothelial-adhering leukocytes occurred, and plasma velocity remained constant within the physiological range. These findings suggest that there were no effects on the cerebral microcirculation under the given RF-EMF exposure conditions.

Micronucleus frequency in erythrocytes of mice after long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation.

Juutilainen J, Heikkinen P, Soikkeli H, Mäki-Paakkanen J. · 2007

Acute exposure to low-level CW and GSM-modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency does not affect Ba 2+ currents through voltage-gated calcium channels in rat cortical neurons.

Platano D et al. · 2007

Researchers studied the non-thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on barium currents through voltage-gated calcium channels in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons using the patch-clamp technique. Neurons were exposed for one to three periods of 90 seconds to 900 MHz continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals during whole-cell recording at specific absorption rates of 2 W/kg for both modulation types. Single or multiple acute exposures to either continuous wave or GSM-modulated 900 MHz fields did not significantly alter the current amplitude or the current-voltage relationship through voltage-gated calcium channels.

No apoptosis is induced in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields.

Joubert V, Leveque P, Cueille M, Bourthoumieu S, Yardin C. · 2007

Researchers exposed primary cultured neurons from embryonic Wistar rat cortices to a 900-MHz GSM field for 24 hours at 0.25 W/kg SAR. Apoptosis was measured immediately and 24 hours after exposure using DAPI staining, TUNEL/PI flow cytometry, and caspase-3 fluorimetry. No statistically significant difference in apoptosis rate was found between exposed and control neurons at either time point. All three assessment methods gave concordant results.

Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats.

Yan JG, Agresti M, Bruce T, Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS. · 2007

Rats exposed to 6 hours of daily cellular phone emissions for 18 weeks exhibited a significantly higher incidence of sperm cell death than control group rats through chi-squared analysis. Abnormal clumping of sperm cells was present in exposed rats and absent in controls.

Anticancer effects on leiomyosarcoma-bearing Wistar rats after electromagnetic radiation of resonant radiofrequencies.

Avdikos A et al. · 2007

The isolated leiomyosarcoma cells were cultured and exposed to a resonant low intensity radiofrequency EMF at frequencies between 10 kHz to 120 kHz for 45 minutes daily over two consecutive days. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were inoculated with leiomyosarcoma cells that had been exposed or not exposed to the EMF. Rats exposed to resonant EMF after tumor appearance (EG-I) showed tumor regression to 66% incidence and had longer survival and slower tumor growth than the other groups.

900 MHz radiofrequency-induced histopathologic changes and oxidative stress in rat endometrium: protection by vitamins E and C.

Guney M, Ozguner F, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T. · 2007

Rats were randomly assigned to four groups of eight each, including a control, a sham, a 900 MHz EMR exposure group, and an EMR plus vitamins E and C group, and the EMR groups received 30 minutes per day for 30 days. EMR exposure increased endometrial nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, while combined vitamins E and C reversed these changes. The EMR group showed diffuse severe apoptosis in endometrial epithelial, glandular, and stromal cells and diffuse eosinophilic leucocyte and lymphocyte infiltration, which were significantly reduced by vitamins E and C.

Effects of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the oxidant and antioxidant status of rats

Elhag MA, Nabil GM, Attia AM. · 2007

Rats were divided into control, fractionated exposure (15 min/day for four days), and acute exposure groups. Plasma vitamin C decreased by 47% in fractionated group and 59.8% in acute group compared to controls. Vitamin E decreased by 33% and 65.8%, and vitamin A by 44.4% and 46.8% in fractionated and acute groups respectively. Reduced glutathione dropped by 19.8% and 35.3% in fractionated and acute groups. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities decreased significantly, with acute group lower than fractionated group.

Effect of whole-body exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic field on the brain cortical and hippocampal activity in mouse experimental model

Barcal J, Vozeh F · 2007

ECoG evaluation showed a distinct shift to lower frequency components in wild type mice but only gentle differences in Lurcher mutant mice. Hippocampal rhythmicity showed gentle changes with increase of higher frequencies and changes in theta oscillations in both healthy and mutant mice.

Carcinogenicity study of GSM and DCS wireless communication signals in B6C3F1 mice.

Tillmann T et al. · 2007

Researchers exposed 1170 B6C3F1 mice to GSM signals at 902 MHz and DCS signals at 1747 MHz for 2 h per day, 5 days per week over 2 years at SAR levels of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 mW/g. Pairwise Fisher's test showed no significant increase in any tumor type in RF-exposed groups compared to sham-exposed groups. Observed tumor rates were within the range of historical control data for untreated mice.

Electromagnetic pulses induce fluctuations in blood pressure in rats.

Li BF, Guo GZ, Ren DQ, Zhang RB. · 2007

Rats were exposed to EMP using a GTEM cell at 0.5 pulses per second for 200 pulses with specific absorption rates of 50 mW/kg at 200 kV/m or 75 mW/kg at 400 kV/m. Heart rates in both sham- and EMP-exposed rats were not significantly changed. Systolic blood pressure increased immediately after exposure and decreased at 1 day and 3 days. Diastolic blood pressure increased immediately and decreased at 12 hours, 1 day, and 1 month. Mean arterial pressure increased immediately and decreased at 1 day.

Neurophysiologic effects at low level 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field exposure: a multiparametric approach on freely moving rats.

Crouzier D et al. · 2007

Researchers exposed freely moving rats for 24 hours to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency signal at low power density. The study tracked acetylcholine release in the hippocampus, EEG, EMG, and subcutaneous temperature, and also analyzed brain lipid extracts using NMR after the animals were sacrificed. No significant changes in any measured parameter were observed under radiofrequency exposure, and the NMR study also failed to show any effect.

Effects of static magnetic fields on the voltage-gated potassium channel currents in trigeminal root ganglion neurons.

Shen JF, Chao YL, Du L. · 2007

Researchers used whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on acute dissociated rat trigeminal root ganglion neurons to study how static magnetic fields affect voltage-gated potassium channel currents. The study evaluated the effects of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on two types of voltage-gated potassium channel currents, called IK,A and IK,V. A 125 mT static magnetic field altered the inactivation rate and velocity of both channel currents, while activation properties showed no significant change.

Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species in L929 Cells after Exposure to 900 MHz RF Radiation with and without Co-exposure to 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone.

Zeni et al. · 2007

Researchers investigated whether 900 MHz RF radiation could induce reactive oxygen species in murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells, with or without co-exposure to MX, a potent environmental carcinogen produced during chlorination of drinking water. Both continuous-wave and GSM mobile phone signals were applied for 10 or 30 min at specific absorption rates of 0.3 and 1 W/kg. The study found no indication that RF-field exposure, alone or combined with MX, induced reactive oxygen species formation, while MX alone caused a statistically significant increase in reactive oxygen species for all the treatment durations investigated.

Effects of mobile phones on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and lens of rats

Balci M, Devrim E, Durak I · 2007

Researchers assigned forty female albino Wistar rats to one of four groups to study the effects of mobile phone radiation on oxidant/antioxidant balance in corneal and lens tissues. One group received mobile phone radiation for 4 weeks, a second group received radiation plus a daily oral dose of vitamin C (250 mg/kg), a third group received vitamin C alone, and a fourth group served as a control. In corneal tissue, MDA level and CAT activity significantly increased and SOD activity was significantly decreased in the mobile phone group compared with the control group. In lens tissue, only the MDA level significantly increased in the mobile phone group relative to the control group, while SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT did not differ significantly between groups.

Alteration of Nitric Oxide Production in Rats Exposed to a Prolonged, Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field

Akdag MZ, Bilgin MH, Dasdag S, Tumer C · 2007

Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields enhances locomotor activity via activation of dopamine D1-like receptors in mice.

Shin EJ et al. · 2007

Researchers examined the role of dopaminergic receptors in behavioral changes induced by extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF). Exposure to ELF-MF at 2.4 mT for 1 hour per day, for one or seven days, enhanced locomotor activity in a time-dependent manner. The results suggest that ELF-MF-induced behavioral responses are, at least in part, mediated by activation of dopamine D1-like receptors.

Influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on Ca2+ signaling and NMDA receptor functions in rat hippocampus

Manikonda PK et al. · 2007

Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 50 and 100 μT intensities for 90 days and then examined hippocampal tissue. Compared to controls, ELF exposure was associated with increased intracellular calcium levels and changes in the activity of several calcium-related enzymes. Binding to NMDA receptors was also found to be decreased in exposed rats. The researchers suggested that perturbed neuronal functions caused by ELF exposure may involve altered calcium signaling contributing to aberrant NMDA receptor activities.

Acute exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field impairs consolidation of spatial memory in rats

Jadidi M et al. · 2007

Researchers used a water maze to evaluate how magnetic field exposure affects consolidation and retrieval of spatial memory in rats. Exposure to a 50 Hz, 8 mT magnetic field for 20 minutes immediately after training impaired retention performance, but exposure at 2 mT did not. Exposure given shortly before retention testing had no effect on performance.