Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed rats to 2.1 GHz radiation at 45 V/m or 65 V/m for one week and compared them to a sham-exposed group. They tested memory using object location and Y-maze tasks. Rats exposed to 65 V/m performed worse on both memory tasks. The same rats had lower hippocampal levels of the cholinergic biomarkers AChE, ChAT, and VAChT.
Yavaş MC, Yegin K, Oruç S, Delen K, Sirav B · 2021
Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a sham-control group and a 2100 MHz exposed group. The exposed rats received GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. Serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulphide levels were higher in the exposed group with p values of 0,219 for total thiol, 0,416 for native thiol and 0,566 for disulphide. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were also higher in the exposed group. The researchers concluded that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis.
Wen X et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. ROS levels increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours after exposure but returned to baseline by 24 hours. Expression of HSP10, HSP60, and ClpP proteins increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours but reversed by 24 hours. When JNK2 was inhibited with siRNA, the RF exposure no longer increased these protein levels.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers divided rats into a sham-exposed control group and an experimental group exposed to a mobile phone with LTE-Advanced Pro network for 2 hours per day over 6 weeks. Visual evoked potential amplitudes were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Morphometric analysis showed that axonal diameter and myelin thickness were lower and the G-ratio was higher in the exposed rats. The experimental group also had significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.
Unknown authors · 2021
Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: moderate aerobic exercise, exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves for 3 hours per day, combined exercise and exposure, or exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Hippocampal dead cell count was significantly higher in the radiation-only group compared to the exercise, combined, and control groups. Malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher in the radiation-only group than in the exercise, combined, and control groups. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the exercise, combined, and control groups compared to the radiation-only group.
Unknown authors · 2021
Twenty-one pregnant mice were divided into three groups: control, mobile radiation-exposed, and mobile radiation plus vitamin C at 200 mg/kg. The exposure groups received 900 MHz radiation at 2 watts and a power density of 0.045 μw /cm2 for eight hours per day over ten consecutive days. After five days of rest, blood levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Radiation exposure significantly increased MDA and 8-OHdG and decreased total antioxidant capacity, while vitamin C inhibited the increases in MDA and 8-OHdG.
Elamin AAE, Deniz OG, Kaplan S · 2021
Fifty-four 12-week-old male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups of six, and the EMF+Cur, EMF+GK, EMF+GA, and EMF groups were exposed to 900MHz EMF for one hour a day for 28 days. Stereological analysis showed a significant decrease in the total number of CA pyramidal neurons in the EMF group compared with control and sham groups. The EMF group also had significantly higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities than controls.
Unknown authors · 2021
Pregnant Wistar albino rats were exposed to pulsed 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 2.8 mW/cm² for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. Male offspring were not exposed after birth and were examined at 75 days of age. Exposed adult rats showed irregular seminiferous tubules, degenerated germ cells, reduced tubule diameter and epithelial height, and increased interstitial space. Exposed rats also had more vacuoles, altered organelles, necrotizing cells, empty spaces between Sertoli and germ cells, and increased lipid droplets in Leydig cells. Fluoro Jade-C and superoxide dismutase 2 positivity were increased in exposed rats.
Unknown authors · 2021
Eighteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups of six each. Two groups were exposed to 1800 MHz or 2100 MHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day over 7 months, while a third group served as sham control. After exposure, liver tissue was analyzed for DNA damage, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and total oxidant-antioxidant parameters. Both exposure frequencies significantly increased MDA, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and comet assay tail intensity, while decreasing total antioxidant status.
Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar ratsH M Fahmy et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed Wistar female rats to a standard 2.45 GHz radio frequency source with an averaged whole-body specific absorption rate of 0.01 W kg−1 24 h−1 daily for 40 consecutive days. The rats were randomly divided into control and Wi-Fi–exposed groups. Liver samples were evaluated for oxidative stress parameters, transaminase levels, molecular structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, histopathology, and ultrastructure. Exposure led to severe oxidative stress, deleterious effects on liver function, altered molecular structure, and severe histological and ultrastructural alterations indicating hepatotoxic effects.
Tasić T et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed spontaneously hypertensive rats to upward or downward oriented static magnetic fields of moderate intensity for a subchronic period. Rats exposed to downward oriented fields showed a lack of anxious-like behavior. Both field orientations decreased platelets in peripheral blood, granulocytes in spleen and bone marrow, and increased erythrocytes in the spleen. Upward oriented fields decreased blood lymphocytes and bone marrow erythrocytes, while downward oriented fields increased bone marrow lymphocytes. Heart and kidney morphological characteristics were unaffected by either field orientation.
Vafaei S, Motejaded F, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
The pups were euthanized on day 32 and histology showed that vertebral cartilage had been converted to bone in the exposed group. Central canal diameter and area were significantly larger in the exposed pups compared with controls.
Haghani M et al. · 2020
During all days of pregnancy, rats in the EMF-exposed group were exposed to 900 MHz pulsed-EMF radiation for 6 h per day. The exposure group demonstrated reduced spontaneous firing associated with upward and rightward shift in I/V curve compared to the control rats, and the peak amplitude of the current for the exposure pups also revealed a significant decrement. The reversal potential was +40 mV and +20 mV for the control and RF-EMF groups, respectively and showed significant differences between the two groups.
Delavarifar S et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed 30 adult male Balb/c mice to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation or sham exposure, with some mice treated with busulfan to induce oligospermia. Low power density Wi-Fi radiation significantly increased sperm concentration in healthy mice and showed greater increase in oligospermic mice with higher exposure.
Unknown authors · 2020
Rats were exposed to RF-EMF for four weeks at 0, 1.5, or 6 W/kg, or kept as cage controls. Once a week they received NMDA or saline injections before a two-temperature choice test between 50°C and 28°C. In control and sham rats, NMDA reduced latency to escape heat by 45% compared to saline. Heat avoidance increased by 40% in the 6 W/kg group compared to sham. The RF-EMF effect on heat avoidance was abolished after NMDA treatment.
Azimzadeh M et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their pups to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves from a base transceiver station antenna during gestation or the first 21 days after birth for 2 h/d or 4 h/d. Passive avoidance learning and memory were assessed in 45-day-old pups with a shuttle box, and hippocampal histomorphology was examined. All exposed subgroups showed impaired passive avoidance learning and memory, the prenatal exposure group had the greatest deficit, and a mild decrease in pyramidal cell density was seen in exposed subgroups I and III.
Unknown authors · 2020
Pregnant rats were exposed to radiofrequency fields starting on day 21 of pregnancy, and offspring were tested with Y maze at 3 weeks, open field at 7 weeks, and hippocampal NMDAR expression at 9 weeks. The 1800 MHz and 1800 MHz + WiFi groups showed a downward trend in body weight, and the WiFi group opened eyes earlier than controls. In open field tests, the 1800 MHz + WiFi group had shorter overall path length and delayed stationary time, the WiFi group had shorter path length and increased velocity in the error arm, and the 1800 MHz + WiFi group showed increased central area activity. Both exposure groups down-regulated NR2A and NR2B and up-regulated NR2D, NR3A, and NR3B, while the WiFi group also up-regulated NR1 and NR2C.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers applied a 2-h head-only GSM-1800 MHz exposure to rats with LPS-induced acute neuroinflammation, to healthy rats, and to transgenic hSOD1 G93A rats modeling presymptomatic ALS. Gene responses were measured 24 hours later in a motor area of the cerebral cortex where the mean SAR was 3.22 W/kg. In LPS-treated rats, RNA-seq revealed significant but moderate gene expression changes affecting 2.7% of expressed genes, including neuronal and glial genes and genes involved in protein ubiquitination or dephosphorylation.
Jeong et al. · 2020
Public concerns exist about deleterious biological consequences of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. These concerns have led to wide consideration of the potential effects of RF-EMF on the central nervous system.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed young and adult rats to 94 GHz millimeter waves for 5 months, 3 hours per day, 3 days per week, at 10 mW/cm². Skin samples were analyzed with a gene expression microarray. The exposure did not significantly change gene expression in either age group.
Unknown authors · 2020
The study aimed to investigate the effects of 900 MHz EMF exposure (60 min/day for 28 days) on rat testis and to determine whether thymoquinone (10 mg/kg/day) reduced the deleterious effect. EMF exposure significantly decreased primary spermatocytes, spermatids, Leydig cells, serum testosterone, and testis weight compared to controls. Thymoquinone treatment significantly increased primary spermatocyte numbers compared to EMF alone.
Unknown authors · 2020
Pregnant mice were exposed to Wi-Fi signal (2.4 GHz) for 2 and 4 hours. Placenta tissues were examined for MDA and SOD levels, and gene expression of SOD, CDKNA1, GADD45a, Bax, and Bcl-2 was measured by real-time PCR, while apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assay. MDA and SOD levels significantly increased in exposed groups (P-value<0.05), and SOD mRNA expression also significantly increased. CDKN1A and GADD45a gene expression increased in exposed groups (P-value<0.05), and apoptosis increased as shown by quantitative PCR and TUNEL assay (P-value<0.05).
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed young adult male Wistar rats to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field radiation at 1966.1 MHz, 4.0 mW/cm2, and 0.36 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 16 weeks. Another set of animals was kept under similar conditions without radiation exposure as controls. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were tested for fear memory and then euthanized to measure hippocampal oxidative stress, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress hormones. Exposed rats showed significantly increased hippocampal oxidative stress, elevated levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, increased adrenal gland weight, and higher levels of ACTH and corticosterone. However, changes in contextual fear memory were not statistically significant.
