Odacı E et al. · 2014
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day on days 13 to 21 of pregnancy. Kidney tissues of male pups were examined on postnatal day 21 using light and electron microscopy, and biochemical markers were measured. Light microscopy showed degenerative tubule epithelium changes, small cystic formations, and large cysts in the experimental group. Electron microscopy revealed loss of peritubular capillaries and atypical parietal layer epithelial cells. Biochemical analysis found significantly increased MDA levels and decreased SOD and CAT levels.
Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA. · 2014
Triglycerides and testosterone increased significantly in all exposed groups, with a dose-dependent rise in the sesame oil groups. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in exposed rats but increased with higher sesame oil doses. Total cholesterol decreased only in rats receiving 3 ml of sesame oil, and glutathione reductase rose significantly in that group. High-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol changed in opposite directions between the exposed and sesame oil groups.
Luo YP, Ma HR, Chen JW, Li JJ, Li CX. · 2014
Researchers randomly assigned 40 male SD rats to a normal control group, a model group, a Shuifei Jibin Capsule group, and an American Ginseng Capsule group, with 10 rats each. Rats in the model, SJC, and AGC groups were exposed to imitated 900 MHz cellular phone radiation for 4 h in 12 consecutive days, while the normal control group was not irradiated. Compared to the normal control, the model group showed hepatocyte nuclear atrophy, increased liver MDA and Nrf2 protein, and decreased SOD and GSH. In the SJC group, liver MDA and Nrf2 decreased and SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX increased; in the AGC group, MDA and Nrf2 decreased and SOD and GSH increased.
Kumar S, Nirala JP, Behari J, Paulraj R. · 2014
Researchers aimed to observe the effect of electromagnetic irradiation from a 3G mobile phone on the male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario. Exposure to EMF in male albino rats was associated with a significant decrease in sperm count, increased lipid peroxidation damage in sperm cells, reduced seminiferous tubules and testicular weight, and DNA damage.
Hässig M et al. · 2014
The study aimed to observe the influence of non-ionizing radiation from base stations on redox protein activity in bovines. The experiment found that NIR changed enzyme activities, with certain enzymes disabled and others enabled. Individual cows showed varied reactions, with some reacting to NIR, others not reacting, or reacting inversely. The study approach of testing ten cows each ten times during three phases was deemed appropriate. The authors noted that future studies should set the post-exposure phase later.
De Luca C et al. · 2014
The study tested a panel of 12 metabolic blood redox-related parameters and selected drug-metabolizing-enzyme gene polymorphisms in 153 EHS, 147 MCS, and 132 control Italians. They found milder pro-oxidant and proinflammatory changes in the electromagnetic hypersensitivity group, including an increased plasma coenzyme-Q10 oxidation ratio. Genetic analysis showed altered distribution of CYP2C19 variants and a 9.7-fold higher risk of electromagnetic hypersensitivity for a combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null haplotype.
Burlaka A et al. · 2014
Arbabi-Kalati F, Salimi S, Vaziry-Rabiee A, Noraeei M. · 2014
Researchers investigated the effects of mobile phone use duration on total antioxidant capacity of saliva using unstimulated saliva from 105 volunteers without oral lesions. Volunteers were divided into three groups based on daily mobile phone usage, and total antioxidant capacity was measured by the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma method. Average total antioxidant capacities in the three groups were 657.91 µmol/lit, 726.77 µm/lit, and 560.17 µmol/lit, and talking over an hour decreased capacity compared with talking less than twenty minutes.
Yi G, Wang J, Wei X, Deng B, Tsang KM, Chan WL, Han C. · 2014
The study used a conductance-based neuron model with ELF sinusoidal magnetic field as an additive voltage input. Neurons with distinct spiking patterns showed different response properties to magnetic field exposure. For tonic spiking neurons, perturbations were maximized at harmonics of intrinsic spiking frequency, while for burst spiking neurons they were maximized at harmonics of bursting frequency. Perturbations increased with magnetic field intensity, and bursting dynamics were less sensitive than tonic spiking to ELF magnetic field exposure. ELF magnetic field exposure was more likely to perturb spike times than spiking frequency.
Monazzam MR et al. · 2014
Researchers measured magnetic flux density in a control building and two substations according to IEEE standard 644-1994. They used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and General Health Quality questionnaires to assess sleep quality and public health in 40 workers. In the case group, 28% had poor health status and 61% had a sleep disorder, while all control group members were in good health and only 4.5% had undesirable sleep quality. A significant difference existed between groups in sleep quality and general health, but no significant relationship was found between exposure level and these outcomes. Measured EMF values were below ACGIH limits, and the authors recommended further epidemiological studies and periodic testing.
Marchesi N et al. · 2014
Researchers investigated the effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on autophagy modulation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Low-frequency EMF significantly reduced microRNA-30a expression and increased Beclin1 transcript and protein. Repeated low-frequency EMF treatments were tested against amyloid-beta peptide effects in vitro. The study demonstrates for the first time that specific low-frequency EMF treatments can modulate a microRNA sequence affecting autophagy via Beclin1.
Liu H et al. · 2014
Liu DD, Ren Z, Yang G, Zhao QR, Mei YA. · 2014
Researchers exposed rat cerebellar granule cells to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields for 60 minutes and measured sodium channel currents. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased Nav current densities by 62.5 percent. Melatonin at 5 μM inhibited this ELF-EMF-induced increase in sodium currents. The protective effect of melatonin involved MT2 receptors and calcium release triggered by calcium influx.
Leone L et al. · 2014
The study used an in vitro model of hippocampal neural stem cells from newborn mice to examine effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. ELFEFs enhanced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of these neural stem cells through epigenetic regulation. Exposure increased expression of the pro-proliferative gene Hes1 and neuronal determination genes NeuroD1 and Neurogenin1. These changes were preceded by increased H3K9 acetylation and phosphorylated CREB binding to gene regulatory sequences. The epigenetic modifications were blocked by the Cav1-channel blocker nifedipine and linked to increased CBP occupancy at promoter loci.
Frilot C 2nd, Carrubba S, Marino AA. · 2014
EEPs and auditory evoked potentials were detected in awake rats and under xylazine anesthesia but not under ketamine anesthesia. The duration and latency of EEPs were unchanged by xylazine anesthesia. The authors concluded that EMF transduction likely involves NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate neurotransmission.
Choi YK, Lee DH, Seo YK, Jung H, Park JK, Cho H. · 2014
Researchers used PEG-phospholipid encapsulated magnetite nanoparticles on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to improve intracellular uptake. Cell viability and intracellular iron content were measured after nanoparticle treatment. RT-PCR and immunohistological analysis with neural cell type-specific genes and antibodies were performed after electromagnetic field exposure. The results suggested that electromagnetic fields enhance neural differentiation in these cells and would be an effective method for differentiating neural cells.
Zheng F et al. · 2014
A total of 7720 middle school students were involved in this cross-sectional study and 7102 valid questionnaires were obtained. Inattention was assessed using DSM-IV-TR criteria for the attention deficit component of ADHD. After adjusting for confounders, inattention was significantly associated with MP ownership, entertainment time on MP per day, MP position during the day, and MP mode at night. The strongest association was among students who spent more than 60 minutes per day playing on their MP.
Yogesh S, Abha S, Priyanka S. · 2014
The study enrolled 100 medical students divided into cases with more than two hours of daily mobile phone use (n=57) and controls with two hours or less (n=43), and assessed sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Differences between groups were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t-test, and correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation with significance set at p<0.05. Evening mobile phone use showed a significant negative association with sleep quality (r=-0.606, p=0.042), where higher PSQI scores indicate worse sleep.
Velayutham P, Govindasamy GK, Raman R, Prepageran N, Ng KH · 2014
The study was a prospective single-blinded study that used high-frequency audiometry. Researchers compared the dominant ear to the non-dominant ear in 100 subjects because they could not find enough non-users as a control group. Chronic mobile phone usage revealed high frequency hearing loss in the dominant ear compared to the non-dominant ear. The loss in the dominant ear was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Seckin E et al. · 2014
Pregnant rats and their offspring were exposed to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications radiofrequency radiation for one hour per day during pregnancy and for 21 days after birth. Distortion product otoacoustic emission tests showed no significant difference among the groups. Electron microscopy revealed significant differences in the numbers of normal, apoptotic, and necrotic cells among the groups. The findings indicated cellular structural damage in the cochlea caused by radiofrequency radiation exposure during cochlear development.
Davanipour Z, Tseng C-C, Lee PJ, Markides KS, Sobel E. · 2014
The study included 3050 Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the H-EPESE study, and severe cognitive dysfunction was defined as an MMSE score below 10. Occupational extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure was classified using a methodology from earlier studies. Univariate odds ratios were 3.4 for high exposure and 1.7 for medium or high exposure, with similar results in multivariate models. Interactions between medium/high or high exposure and smoking history or age group were statistically significant, particularly for those aged 75 and older. The authors concluded that high or medium/high occupational exposure may increase the risk of severe cognitive dysfunction, and that smoking and older age may increase the deleterious effect.
Saikhedkar N et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed 30-day-old rats to 900 MHz radio waves from a mobile handset for 4 hours per day over 15 days. Exposed rats showed more anxiety and poor learning compared to control and sham groups. Antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants changed significantly and lipid peroxidation increased in exposed rats.
Movvahedi MM et al. · 2014
Researchers enrolled 60 elementary school children aged 8 to 10 years in Shiraz, Iran. They used standardized computer-based tests of visual reaction time and short-term memory modified for children. Each test was repeated ten times in both real and sham exposure phases with a 30 min interval between phases. After a 10 min talk period, mean short-term memory scores were higher than after sham exposure (P = 0.030). Mean reaction times did not differ significantly between talk and sham exposure (P = 0.629).
Lv B, Su C, Yang L, Xie Y, Wu T · 2014
Researchers recruited ten subjects for a crossover, double-blind experiment with real and sham LTE EMF exposure sessions. Each session involved 30 minutes of LTE EMF exposure (power on or off) while EEG signals were recorded from 32 channels. The study found that short-term LTE EMF exposure modulated synchronization patterns of EEG activation across the whole brain.
Kesari KK, Meena R, Nirala J, Kumar J, Verma HN. · 2014
Researchers exposed 45-day-old male Wistar rats to 3G cell phone radiation for 2 hours a day over 60 days using a computer-controlled stepper motor. Exposure significantly induced DNA strand breaks and increased micronuclei, caspase 3, and apoptosis in the brain. Western blotting showed a transient increase in phosphorylation of hsp27, hsp70, and p38MAPK, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. The researchers concluded that oxidative stress activates the hsp27/p38MAPK pathway and that 3G radiation affects brain function and causes neurological disorders.
